Search results for "Exercise."

Transcriptional and Epigenetic Response to Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

2022

Background: The links of sedentary behavior and physical activity with health outcomes in children and adolescents is well known. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood.We aimed to synthesize the current knowledge of the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity (acute and chronic effects) with gene expression and epigenetic modifications in children and adolescents. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched until April 2022. A total of 15 articles were eligible for this review. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews and/or a mo…

Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles Delay the Progression of Prostate Cancer

2022

Increasing evidence suggests that regular physical exercise not only reduces the risk of cancer but also improves functional capacity, treatment efficacy and disease outcome in cancer patients. At least partially, these effects are mediated by the secretome of the tissues responding to exercise. The secreted molecules can be released in a carrier-free form or enclosed into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several recent studies have shown that EVs are actively released into circulation during physical exercise. Here, we for the first time investigated the effects of exercise-induced EVs on the progression of cancer in an F344 rat model of metastatic prostate cancer. Although we did not observe…

Different Endurance Exercise Modalities, Different Affective Response: A Within-Subject Study

2021

Affect experienced during an exercise session is supposed to predict future exercise behavior. However, empirical evidence reveals high variability in affective response to different exercise modalities. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare acute affective response and its variation during three different endurance exercise modalities: (a) moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), (b) vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE), and (c) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Using the dual-mode theory as a theoretical framework, cognitive and interoceptive factors were considered as potential predictors of in-task affective response. In a within-subject design, 40 …

Moving More and Sitting Less as Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors are Protective Factors for Insomnia, Depression, and Anxiety Among Adolescents During the…

2020

Chunping Lu,1,* Xinli Chi,2,* Kaixin Liang,2 Si-Tong Chen,3 Liuyue Huang,2 Tianyou Guo,2 Can Jiao,2 Qian Yu,4 Nicola Veronese,5 Fernanda Cunha Soares,6 Igor Grabovac,7 Albert Yeung,8 Liye Zou4 1The Greater Bay Area Institute of Educational Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia; 4Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China; 5Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriat…

Effects of green tea catechins and exercise training on body composition parameters

2022

The impact of phytochemicals, as green tea catechins, on body composition measures has become a relevant topic as ongoing epidemiological evidence suggests their potential role in weight loss. Although catechins have been shown to modulate fat and energy metabolism, clinical effects of green tea consumption still remain controversial. Given the role played by physical exercise in weight management, it is important to determine whether the association of catechins and exercise is able to improve outcomes over and above the beneficial effects of exercise alone. Considering that scientific findings on this topic are not entirely consistent, aim of the present review was to assess the current s…

Effects of physical activity, specific exercise and traumatic brain injury on motor abilities : theoretical and pragmatic assessment

2010

Physical exercise induces rapid release of small extracellular vesicles into the circulation

2015

Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) by default and in response to diverse stimuli for the purpose of cell communication and tissue homeostasis. EVs are present in all body fluids including peripheral blood, and their appearance correlates with specific physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we show that physical activity is associated with the release of nano-sized EVs into the circulation. Healthy individuals were subjected to an incremental exercise protocol of cycling or running until exhaustion, and EVs were isolated from blood plasma samples taken before, immediately after and 90 min after exercise. Small EVs with the size of 100–130 nm, that carried proteins character…

Aged Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase 2 Deficient Mice Present an Altered Response to Endurance Exercise Training

2018

Background: Skeletal muscle aging is marked by the development of a sarcopenic phenotype, a global decline of muscle energetic capacities, and an intolerance to exercise. Among the metabolic disorders involved in this syndrome, NAD metabolism was shown to be altered in skeletalmuscle, with an important role for the NAMPT enzyme recycling the nicotinamide precursor. An alternative pathway for NAD biosynthesis has been described for the nicotinamide riboside vitamin B3 precursor used by the NMRK kinases, including the striated muscle-specific NMRK2.Aim: With this study, our goal is to explore the ability of 16-month-old Nmrk2−/− mice to perform endurance exercise and study the consequences on…

Effects of exercise training on maximal oxygen uptake in heart failure : a systematic review and meta-analysis

2012

SUMMARY Aims. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a common physical status among patients with heart failure. Several studies have examined the effects of exercise training on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in heart failure. Though, these studies had relatively small sample sizes and highly variable results. Therefore the aim of this study was to systemically review the effects of exercise training on VO2max in heart failure patients. Methods. Database search of randomized controlled trials was conducted from Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Search was allocated to studies with patients with heart failure, structured exercise intervention, control group receivin…

Body Image in 13-17 Years Old Adolescents: Gender and Physical Activity Effects

2013

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας, ήταν να εξετάσει πώς διαφοροποιείται η εικόνα του σώματος και η ικανοποίηση της από αυτήν ανάλογα με το φύλο και την ηλικία, αλλά και πώς συνδέεται με τη φυσική δραστηριότητα και το Δείκτη Μάζας Σώματος σε εφήβους. Το δείγμα ήταν 496 έφηβοι (226 αγόρια και 270 κορίτσια) ηλικίας 13 έως 17 ετών, μαθητές από τη Β’ Γυμνασίου έως και τη Β’ Λυκείου επαρχιακών πόλεων της Ελλάδας. Τα εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν η κλίμακα της εικόνας του σώματος (Rand & Wright, 1999) και το ερωτηματολόγιο «Άσκηση κατά τον Ελεύθερο Χρόνο» (Godin & Shephard, 1985). Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα, τα αγόρια ήταν πιο ικανοποιημένα από την εικόνα του σώματός τους σε σχέση με τα κορίτσια. Η…