Search results for "Exercise."

Association of military training with oxidative stress and overreaching.

2011

ABSTRACT: We hypothesized that increased oxidative stress and disrupted redox balance may be predisposing factors and markers for overreaching (OR). Purpose: The study's purpose was to examine whether oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status and physical fitness are related to OR during an 8-wk military basic training (BT) period. Methods: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were evaluated in the beginning and after 4 and 7 wk of training in 35 males (age = 19.7 ± 0.3 yr) at rest and immediately after a 45-min submaximal exercise. Physical activity (PA) was monitored by an accelerometer throughout BT. Indicators of OR were also examined. Results: From baseline to week 4, increase…

Effects of insulin deficiency on exercise-induced acute responses in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in mouse gastrocnemius muscles

2014

Insulin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of all the main nutrients. Its main function is to stimulate glucose uptake and disposal or utilization by the cells and thus to decrease blood glucose concentration. However, it also inhibits breakdown of proteins and lipids and promotes their synthesis. Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which insulin secretion is impaired because of destruction of pancreatic β-cells. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and increased reliance on fat oxidation. This is seen also as altered gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of insulin deficiency on exercise-induced acute respons…

Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency

2019

Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency

2019

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65-75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2-5 sets and 4-12 repetitions per exercise and 7-9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dua…

Moving from intention to behaviour: a randomised controlled trial protocol for an app-based physical activity intervention (i2be).

2022

IntroductionEfficacy tests of physical activity interventions indicate that many have limited or short-term efficacy, principally because they do not sufficiently build on theory-based processes that determine behaviour. The current study aims to address this limitation.Methods and analysisThe efficacy of the 8-week intervention will be tested using a three-condition randomised controlled trial delivered through an app, in women with a prior hypertensive pregnancy disorder. The intervention is based on the integrated behaviour change model, which outlines the motivational, volitional and automatic processes that lead to physical activity. The mechanisms by which the behaviour change techniq…

A Self determination theory based exercise intervention in a group of adult exercisers : a contextual evaluation

2010

ABSTRACT Karoline Kaminski. 2010. A Self-Determination Theory Based Exercise Intervention in a Group of Adult Exercisers; a Contextual Evaluation. University of Jyväskylä. Department of Sport Sciences, Master’s thesis in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 71 pages. According to the Self-determination theory, when the social context is autonomy supportive, people are motivated to internalize the regulation of important activities, and whereas when the context is controlling, self-determined motivation is undermined. Exercise is one of those important activities which when internalized would result in persistent engagement leading people to positive psychological and physiological outcomes (impro…

Corticospinal and intracortical excitability is modulated in the knee extensors after acute strength training

2022

The corticospinal responses to high-intensity and low-intensity strength-training of the upper limb are modulated in an intensity-dependent manner. Whether an intensity-dependent threshold occurs following acute strength training of the knee extensors (KE) remains unclear. We assessed the corticospinal responses following high-intensity (85% of maximal strength) or low-intensity (30% of maximal strength) KE strength-training with measures taken during an isometric KE task at baseline, post-5, 30 and 60-min. Twenty-eight volunteers (23 ± 3 years) were randomized to high-intensity (n = 11), low-intensity (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 7). Corticospinal responses were evoked with transcra…

Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health?

2013

Recently, contradictory findings have been reported concerning the function of irisin and its precursor gene, skeletal muscle FNDC5, in energy homeostasis, and the associated regulatory role of exercise and PGC-1α. We therefore evaluated whether muscle FNDC5 mRNA and serum irisin are exercise responsive and whether PGC-1α expression is associated with FNDC5 expression. The male subjects in the study performed single exercises: (1) 1 h low-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) (middle-aged, n= 17), (2) a heavy-intensity resistance exercise (RE) bout (young n= 10, older n= 11) (27 vs. 62 years), (3) long-term 21 weeks endurance exercise (EE) training alone (twice a week, middle-aged, n= 9), or (4) …

Application of the trans-contextual model to predict change in leisure time physical activity

2021

Objective: This study tested effects of changes in the psychological constructs of the trans-contextual model (TCM) on changes in adolescents' outside of school moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) measured using self-report and accelerometer-based device. Design: A three-wave longitudinal design was used. High school students (N = 331) completed measures of all the TCM constructs at Time1 and at Time2, five weeks apart. Self-reported PA behaviour was measured also at Time3, five weeks after Time2. PA was measured using accelerometer-based devices for seven days following Time1 and Time3 for a census week. Results: A structural equation model using residual change scores revealed tha…

Testing a physical education-delivered autonomy supportive intervention to promote leisure-time physical activity in lower secondary school students:…

2020

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Inadequate physical activity in young people is associated with several physical and mental health concerns. Physical education (PE) is a potentially viable existing network for promoting physical activity in this population. However, little research has been conducted on whether PE teachers can influence students' engagement in leisure-time physical activity. The present study therefore examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at increasing PE teachers' autonomy support on students' leisure-time physical activity (the PETALS trial). The intervention was guided by the trans-contextual model (TCM) explaining the processes by which PE teachers' provisio…