Search results for "Exercise"

Long-Term Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on the Physical Fitness and Quality of Life of Individuals With Substance Use Disorder—A Randomized Trial

2020

Background: Mind-body exercises (MBE) are sequences of low to medium-intensity activities that benefit healthy performers physically and mentally. In contrast to the unmodified application of traditional tai chi, qi gong, or yoga in the healthy population, MBEs are typically tailored for individuals with substance abuse disorder (SUD). Despite numerous applications in practice, the detailed effects of tailor-made MBEs for SUD are unclear.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze and compare changes in the physical fitness and quality of life of individuals with SUD that underwent conventional or tailor-made MBEs.Methods: A total of 100 subjects obtained from the Shanghai Mandatory Detoxificat…

Acceptability, reach and implementation of a training to enhance teachers’ skills in physical activity promotion

2020

This is a pre-print of a published study: Renko, E., Knittle, K., Palsola, M. et al. Acceptability, reach and implementation of a training to enhance teachers’ skills in physical activity promotion. BMC Public Health 20, 1568 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09653-x Background: In order to achieve real-world impacts, successful behavior change interventions need to be scaled up and broadly implemented. Implementation is challenging however, and the factors influencing successful implementation are not fully understood. This study describes the nationwide implementation of a complex theory-based program to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in vocational school…

Exercise therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain: Innovation by altering pain memories.

2015

Even though nociceptive pathology has often long subsided, the brain of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain has typically acquired a protective (movement-related) pain memory. Exercise therapy for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain is often hampered by such pain memories. Here the authors explain how musculoskeletal therapists can alter pain memories in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, by integrating pain neuroscience education with exercise interventions. The latter includes applying graded exposure in vivo principles during exercise therapy, for targeting the brain circuitries orchestrated by the amygdala (the memory of fear centre in the brain). Before initiatin…

2020

Introduction Adolescents have experienced decreased aerobic fitness levels and insufficient physical activity levels over the past decades. While both physical activity and aerobic fitness are related to physical and mental health, little is known concerning how they manifest in the brain during this stage of development, characterized by significant physical and psychosocial changes. The aim of the study is to examine the associations between both physical activity and aerobic fitness with brains' functional connectivity. Methods Here, we examined how physical activity and aerobic fitness are associated with local and interhemispheric functional connectivity of the adolescent brain (n = 59…

Interaction between muscle stiffness and stretch reflex sensitivity after long-term stretch-shortening cycle exercise

1998

The short latency stretch-reflex component (M1) and its interactions with muscle stiffness and with muscle performance were investigated before and after long-term stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise. Dramatic fatigue induced reduction in maximal SSC performance capability, and electromyographic activity was accompanied by a consistent decrease in the M1 reflex component and eccentric peak stiffness of the muscle. It can be suggested, therefore, that the decreased muscle performance is not simply a direct effect of central or peripheral fatigue, but is partly due to impairment of the ability to utilize stiffness-related elastic energy.

Changes in electromyographic activity, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during heavy resistance/power strength training in middle-ag…

2001

The effects of a 6-month resistance training (2 day/week) designed to develop both strength and power on neural activation by electromyographic activity (EMG) of the agonist and antagonist knee extensors, muscle fibre proportion and areas of type I, IIa, and IIb of the vastus lateralis (VL) as well as maximal concentric one repetition maximum (1 RM) strength and maximal and explosive isometric strength of the knee extensors were examined. A total of 10 middle-aged men (M40; 42 +/- 2), 11 middle-aged women (W40; 39 +/- 3), 11 elderly men (M70; 72 +/- 3) and 10 elderly women (W70; 67 +/- 3) served as subjects. Maximal and explosive strength values remained unaltered during a 1-month control p…

Neuromuscular function during prolonged pedalling exercise at different cadences

2005

Aim: The purpose of the present work was to assess the strategies set by the central nervous system in order to provide the power output required throughout a prolonged (1-h) pedalling exercise performed at different cadences (50 rpm, 110 rpm and the freely chosen cadence). Methods: Neuromuscular (NM) activity of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles was studied quantitatively [root-mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF)] and qualitatively (timing of onset and offset of muscle bursts during crank cycle). Results: The present results showed that increased cadence resulted in earlier muscle activation in crank cycle. The influence of ca…

Strength training and neuromuscular function in elderly people with total knee endoprosthesis

2007

The effects of 1 year of intensive strength training on neuromuscular function were studied in elderly people operated for total endoprosthesis (n=30) divided into 3 groups: training pup 1 (TG1, n=11), training pup 2 (TG2, n=10) and control group (CG, n=9). After the operation, TG1 and TG2 trained every second day and the training was controlled by training diaries, and CG performed only conventional exercises by themselves. The overall volume of training in TG2 was 30% greater than in TG1. Neuromuscular function was examined by measuring maximal electromyography (EMG) and maximum voluntary isometric and dynamic strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles. The range of motion of the kn…

Muscle plasticity after weight and combined (weight + jump) training.

2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of jump training as a complement to weight training on jump performance and muscle strategy during the squat and countermovement jump.Twenty-two male handball players, between the ages of 17 and 24, and in good health, were randomly divided into three groups. Two were trained groups, weight training (WTG) and jump training combined with weight training (CTG), and one was a control group (CG). Maximal isometric force and maximal concentric power were assessed by a supine leg press, squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and surface EMG was used to determine changes in muscle adaptation before and after the training period.After 6-wk…

Die Aktivität der Rückenstreckmuskulatur beim aufrechten Stehen und beim Sitzen mit standidentischer Rumpfhaltung - eine elektromyographische Studie

2001

Problem: There is a controversial discussion about the loading of the spine by the force of the extending muscles of the back in upright sitting with the back curved as in upright standing. Experimental studies investigating this issue are still lacking. Methods: In the study presented in this paper we measured in 30 subjects the activity of the extending back muscles both in a natural upright standing posture and in sitting with identical posture of the back as recommended in some back training programs. To this end we recorded the electromyographical surface activity of the back muscles at four levels of the spine in both postures. The EMG activities were intraindividually normalized with…