Search results for "Expenditure"

Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: The Efficiency Effect of Taxes, Transfers, and Fiscal Illusion

2012

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency cost of transfers. To this end, we develop a model of individual demand decisions about the provision of a regional public good that encompasses a continuum of tax–transfer scenarios to finance regional public expenditure. We assume that individuals have identical quasi-linear preferences defined over private consumption and the regional public good, that endowment income varies between individuals and regions, and that regions have different predetermined sizes. In an economy-wide resource constrained framework we show that, despite its simplicity, this model is capable of discriminating the efficiency properties of the different scen…

Benefit Incidence Analysis in Education

2007

07103; The standard benefit incidence algebra generally produces biased estimates of the distribution of public spending on education when students from poor and rich families are enrolled in schools that receive different levels of public spending per student. Except in very rare instances, removing these biases entails combining several sources of information in order to evaluate how unit spending varies across different population groups. Although such disaggregation is generally difficult to obtain, we show one way to overcome the data constraints that hinder a precise calculation of the incidence of public spending on education. The empirical example discussed in this article indicates…

Expenditure on public services in the countries of the European Union. Determinants of fiscal policy and public governance

2018

The aim of the article is to present the General Government expenditure on public services in the European Union countries, including selected aspects of fiscal policy and public governance. In order to achieve this aim, the varius research methods are used. The data used in the study comes from the following databases: Eurostat, OECD, PORDATA. The survey covers the period of 2007–2016. We note that expenditure on public services is an important determinant of fiscal policy and public governance. The originality of the analysis presented in the article is intended to emphasize the importance of GG spending on public services such as health and education spending in the socio-economic develo…

Physical inactivity in patients with COPD, a controlled multi-center pilot-study

2010

Physical activity (PA) has been reported to be reduced in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies in moderate COPD are currently scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD (n=70) and controls (n=30).A multi-center controlled study was conducted. PA was assessed using a multisensor armband device (SenseWear, BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, PA) and is reported as the average number of steps per day, and the time spent in mild and moderate physical activity.Patients suffered from mild (n=9), moderate (n=28), severe (n=23) and very severe (n=10) COPD. The time spent in activities with mild (80 + or - 69 min vs 160 + …

The Russian Economy: Prospects for Putin 4.0

2020

This project was implemented by the Centre for East European Policy Studies in cooperation with the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in the Baltic States and European Commission Representation in Latvia

Measuring the Regional Incidence of Taxes and Public Expenditure: The Available Methodology and its Limitations

2014

This article reviews the basic methodology used to estimate the regional incidence of taxes and public expenditure, which we call the fiscal incidence approach, and compares it with the cash flow approach, which measures tax revenues and expenditures in terms of the associated monetary cash flows. In this context, it considers critically the particular version of the cash flow approach used in Spain. The article also looks at the different ways in which economists have tried to decompose fiscal balances into a structural or distributive component and a cyclical component, and critically reviews present practices.

INDIRECT CALORIMETRY DEMONSTRATES THAT RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IS INCREASED IN PATIENTS WITH POORLY CONTROLLED DIABETES AND IS NORMALIZED BY INSUL…

2013

Impaired energy expenditure and physical activity in children affected by GH deficiency measured by SenseWear Armband: preliminary results.

2012

Background: Influence of growth hormone on energy expenditure and physical performance is clearly known. Objective and hypotheses: The aim of our study is to evaluate the energy expenditure (EE) during physical (PA) and sedentary activities (SA), in a group of children/adolescents affected by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) compared to healthy subjects, using an objective measure as SenseWear Armband (SWA-BodyMedia). Patients, methods and results: These preliminary data included 13 untreated, consecutive GHD children and adolescents (6 males) (GH peak 3 Mets) (1.5 ±0.8 vs 2.3±1 h/d), especially moderate (3-6 Mets)(1.4±0.8 vs 2.2±0.9 h/d; 5.8±3.1 vs 9.2±3.9% of daily hours) compared with hea…

MACROECONOMI EFFECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE IN THE UNITED STATES

2009

The economic impact of tourism in private homes: the case of the Lipari archipelago

2008

Private homes are a particular form of tourist accommodation often used in seaside destinations, particularly on the islands. An increasing use of private homes for tourism in small and medium size islands could be due to the increasing levels of tourism, or used to offer a different accommodation service, or, often today, to satisfy an upcoming tourist need. Recent studies show that the importance of this phenomenon is no longer negligible. Tourism demand attracted by private accommodation offers an additional economic impact for the islands and a new challenge for sustainability programmes. The aim of this paper is to verify which are the main economic impacts of this kind of tourist acco…