Search results for "Experimental"

Dose-dependent osteoinductive effects of bFGF in rabbits.

2009

Growth factors lead to the induction of tissue regeneration in bone healing when coated on biomaterials. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combines osteoinduction and neoangiogenesis. This study evaluated bFGF-coated hydroxylapatite implants in two experimental groups with 10 or 100 microg (n = 5 per group) compared with uncoated control implants in the rabbit patellar groove model. We observed an unexpected ineffectiveness compared to the control groups with no significant difference of bone growth after 35 days. However, all samples from the 100 microg experiment (control and coated implant) showed significantly stronger 19-25 day label than both 10 microg groups (control and coated i…

Frontal Electroencephalogram Alpha Asymmetry during Mental Stress Related to Workplace Noise

2021

This study aims to investigate the effects of workplace noise on neural activity and alpha asymmetries of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during mental stress conditions. Workplace noise exposure is a pervasive environmental pollutant and is negatively linked to cognitive effects and selective attention. Generally, the stress theory is assumed to underlie the impact of noise on health. Evidence for the impacts of workplace noise on mental stress is lacking. Fifteen healthy volunteer subjects performed the Montreal imaging stress task in quiet and noisy workplaces while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography. The salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was measured before and immedi…

EEG Microstates Analysis in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Resting-State

2019

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful tool to inspect the brain activity in resting state and allows to characterize spontaneous brain activity that is not detected when a subject is cognitively engaged. Moreover, taking advantage of the high time resolution in EEG, it is possible to perform fast topographical reference-free analysis, since different scalp potential fields correspond to changes in the underlying sources within the brain. In this study, the spontaneous EEG resting state (eyes closed) was compared between 10 young adults ages 18-30 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 13 neurotypical controls. A microstate analysis was applied, focusing on four temporal parameters…

2019

Current research demonstrates beneficial effects of physical activity on brain functions and cognitive performance. To date, less is known on the effects of gross motor movements that do not fall into the category of sports-related aerobic or anaerobic exercise. In previous studies, we found beneficial effects of dynamic working environments, i.e., environments that encourage movements during cognitive task performance, on cognitive performance and corresponding brain activity. Aim of the present study was to examine the effects of working in a dynamic and a static office environment on attentional and vigilance performance, and on the corresponding electroencephalographic (EEG) brain oscil…

Peptide neuroanatomy of adjuvant-induced arthritic inflammation in rat

1988

The influence of adjuvant-induced arthritis of the rat on central and peripheral peptide neuroanatomy was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The most striking feature of arthritic rats was the differential intensification of neuronal proenkephalin- and prodynorphin-related staining in dorsal horn. Changes were ipsilateral in monoarthritic and bilateral in polyarthritic rats as compared to controls. Opioid responsive neurons were target of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) fibers. Changes of SP and CGRP predominated in peripheral inflamed tissue and consisted of intensified immunostaining and an apparent sprouting of sensory fibers particularly around venules, in…

Cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: neuroprotection by erythropoietin without affecting tumour growth

2007

This study examined the dose-dependent efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) for preventing and/or treating cisplatin (CDDP) induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CINP), and its influence on tumour treatment and growth. Rats received eight intraperitoneal (ip) injections of 2 mg/kg CDDP twice weekly. EPO co-administered (50 or 10 microg/kg ip, three times/week) had a dose-dependent effect, partially preventing CINP, but 0.5 microg/kg ip was not effective. The neuroprotective effect lasted at least 5 weeks after the last dose of EPO and CDDP. In addition, EPO (50 microg/kg ip three times/week) after the last injection of CDDP still induced a significant recovery of CINP. In a separate experiment in r…

Utilization of professional psychological care in a large German sample of cancer patients

2016

Objective Although one-third of cancer patients are perceived to have a need for psychological support based on the percentage of mental disorders, little is known about the actual utilization of psychological care in cancer. We aimed to assess cancer patients' reported use of psychological care and its correlates in a large, representative sample. Methods In a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Germany, 4020 cancer patients (mean age 58 years, 51% women) were evaluated. We obtained self-reports of use of psychotherapy and psychological counseling. We measured distress with the Distress Thermometer, symptoms of depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire, anxiety with the Generalize…

A mathematical model of cardiovascular dynamics for the diagnosis and prognosis of hemorrhagic shock

2020

Abstract A variety of mathematical models of the cardiovascular system have been suggested over several years in order to describe the time-course of a series of physiological variables (i.e. heart rate, cardiac output, arterial pressure) relevant for the compensation mechanisms to perturbations, such as severe haemorrhage. The current study provides a simple but realistic mathematical description of cardiovascular dynamics that may be useful in the assessment and prognosis of hemorrhagic shock. The present work proposes a first version of a differential-algebraic equations model, the model dynamical ODE model for haemorrhage (dODEg). The model consists of 10 differential and 14 algebraic e…

Dihydrocucurbitacin B, isolated from Cayaponia tayuya, reduces damage in adjuvant-induced arthritis

2005

23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin B, from the anti-rheumatic plant Cayaponia tayuya, was tested on arthritis induced by adjuvant to corroborate the anti-inflammatory properties of this plant. Arthritis was induced in Lewis rats; the resulting arthritic rats were then treated with dihydrocucurbitacin B (1 mg/kg orally, daily, 1 week). The effect of dihydrocucurbitacin B on the synthesis, release, and activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes (elastase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase-2) as well as its effect on different mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta) were determined. Dihydrocucurbitacin B modified the evolution of the clinical symptoms, reducing the swelling an…

Motor problems in children with early-treated congenital hypothyroidism: A matter of failing cerebellar motor control?

1998

This study addresses the question of whether "clumsiness" in children with early treated Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) might be attributable to cerebellar dysfunction. CH is known to affect rapid perinatal growth of the cerebellum. If this would affect the supposed motor timing function of the cerebellum this should be especially reflected by difficulty in producing fast aiming movements. An experiment was devised in which children made sequences of fast, goal directed movements in order to examine two aspects of fast voluntary movements that are known to be affected by cerebellar injury: dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesis. Three groups of children between the ages of 9 and ii participated: …