Search results for "Expertise"

DSCG 3 : management et contrôle de gestion

2015

Cet ouvrage propose plusieurs études de cas conçues au modèle des sujets de l'examen. Chacun des cas est suivi de son corrigé détaillé. Les thèmes traités dans les différentes études se complètent de sorte que l'ouvrage couvre l'ensemble du programme

Auditory Profiles of Classical, Jazz, and Rock Musicians: Genre-Specific Sensitivity to Musical Sound Features

2016

When compared with individuals without explicit training in music, adult musicians have facilitated neural functions in several modalities. They also display structural changes in various brain areas, these changes corresponding to the intensity and duration of their musical training. Previous studies have focused on investigating musicians with training in Western classical music. However, musicians involved in different musical genres may display highly differentiated auditory profiles according to the demands set by their genre, i.e., varying importance of different musical sound features. This hypothesis was tested in a novel melody paradigm including deviants in tuning, timbre, rhythm,…

Effect of expertise on boundary extension in approach sequences

2017

International audience; In a constantly changing environment, one of the conditions for adaptation is based on the visual system's ability to realize predictions. In this context, a question that arises is the evolution of the processes allowing anticipation with regard to the acquisition of knowledge relative to specific situations. We sought to study this question by focusing on boundary extension, the tendency to overestimate the scope of a previously perceived scene. We presented to novice, beginner, and expert car drivers road scenes in the form of approach sequences constituting very briefly displayed photographs (i.e., 250 milliseconds each), in order to determine the effect of exper…

Static and animated presentations in learning dynamic mechanical systems

2009

Abstract In two experiments, we investigated how learners comprehend the functioning of a three-pulley system from a presentation on a computer screen. In the first experiment (N = 62) we tested the effect of static vs. animated presentations on comprehension. In the second experiment (N = 45), we tested the effect of user-control of an animated presentation on comprehension. In both experiments the participants were university students. Comprehension was measured with a test including three comprehension indicators. The first experiment indicated that an animation as well as integrated sequential static frames enhanced comprehension. The second experiment showed that a controllable animati…

Predictive error detection in pianists: A combined ERP and motion capture study

2013

Performing a piece of music involves the interplay of several cognitive and motor processes and requires extensive training to achieve a high skill level. However, even professional musicians commit errors occasionally. Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have investigated the neurophysiological correlates of pitch errors during piano performance, and reported pre-error negativity already occurring approximately 70–100 ms before the error had been committed and audible. It was assumed that this pre-error negativity reflects predictive control processes that compare predicted consequences with actual consequences of one's own actions. However, in previous investigations, correct a…

Integrating theory and practice? Employees’ and students’ experiences of learning at work

2003

The integration of theory and practice has been recognised as one of the key questions in the development of professional expertise and vocational competence. In this study the question of how theory and practice meet each other during professional development was approached from the point of view of two different groups of learners: employees with varying length of work experience and university students taking a working life project course. Altogether 18 employees and 51 students were interviewed, after which transcribed interviews were qualitatively categorised. The opinions expressed by the informants indicate that work‐based learning is not a unified phenomenon but varies in different …

Expertise

2017

Several sets of guidelines have been published recently and more are in the works. The very recent American College of Physicians/American Academy of Family Practitioners guidelines were put together by a set of authors and consultants without any expertise in the topic under discussion, that is, hypertension. Although we are not maintaining that all guidelines should be written exclusively by experts, complete lack of expertise among guideline authors is not acceptable. ispartof: Journal Of Hypertension vol:35 issue:8 pages:1564-1566 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

From Individual Cognition to Communities of Practice

2006

Modelling in evaluating a working life project in higher education

2012

Abstract This article describes an evaluation method based on collaboration between the higher education, a care home and university, in a RD (2) comprehensive data collection methods are needed; (3) shared tools can be developed in interactive forums in ongoing evaluation, and (4) modelling makes professional expertise visible and brakes boundaries between different professions.

Big Data in Corporate Governance decision

2020

[EN] Progress in Big Data in recent years has grown exponentially, which has allowed the detection and processing of a large amount of data. Until recently, this fact was unattainable by the lack of mechanization of the corporate governance reports. This paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance decisions affect the indebtedness policies of 1,956 industrial companies listed in Europe and the USA over the period 2016–2018 (5,868 observations). To measure corporate governance decisions, we use detailed information on the expertise of audit committees, the proportion of independent directors, board structures and women's presence on corporate boards. Our findings, which …