Search results for "Exposure"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Effects of post-extinction l-DOPA administration on the spontaneous recovery and reinstatement of fear in a human fMRI study
2015
Relapse is a pertinent problem in the treatment of anxiety disorders. In the laboratory, relapse is modeled as return of conditioned fear responses after successful fear extinction and is explained by insufficient retrieval and/or expression of the fear-inhibitory extinction memory that is generated during extinction learning. We have shown in mice and humans that return of fear can be prevented by administration of a single dose of the dopamine precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) immediately after extinction. In mice, this effect could be attributed to an enhancement of extinction memory consolidation. In our human study, we could not exclude that l-DOPA might have acted by int…
Retrospective Cohort Study of Cancer Mortality at the Minsk Leather Tannery
2006
The cohort of 768 workers who were actively employed for a minimum of 6 months and died was retrospectively followed from 1 January 1953 to 31 December 2000. There were 328 women and 440 men observed. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated using the Minsk-city population mortality proportions to generate expected numbers. The significant excess of pancreatic cancer (PMR=366%; 95%CI=134-800) and melanoma and skin cancer (PMR=455%; 95% CI=123-1,164) in women-workers of Dyeing and stuffing workshops was shown. The significantly high mortality from pancreatic cancer among Dyeing and stuffing workshops' female workers hired and discharged between 1958 and 1984 (PMR=1,024%; 95% CI=…
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in foods from the Region of Valencia: Dietary exposure and risk assessment
2019
Abstract Dietary exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) of the population in the Region of Valencia, Spain, was assessed. A group of 320 composite samples of different fatty foods was collected and analyzed, including the following: vegetable oils, and foods of animal origin such as (a) fish and seafood, (b) eggs, (c) milk and dairy products, and (d) meat and meat products. Two scenarios were assumed for left-censored results: lower-bound (LB) and upper-bound (UB). Vegetable oils, and fish and seafood presented the highest content of PBDEs [mean values of 503 and 464 pg g−1 wet weight (ww) for total PBDEs, respectively, in the UB]. The dominating congeners were BDE47 in the food…
Smoking Habits, Nicotine Use, and Congenital Malformations
2006
OBJECTIVE: We examined whether maternal smoking and use of nicotine substitutes during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy increased the prevalence of congenital malformations in general and of certain congenital malformations in particular. METHODS: In the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997– 2003) we identified 76,768 pregnancies (and their subsequent singleton births); 20,603 were exposed to tobacco smoking during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Birth outcomes were collected by linkage to the Central Population Register, the National Patients Register, and the National Birth Register. We identified congenital malformations from the Hospital Medical Birth Registry as they were recorded at bir…
Risk of infection and adverse outcomes among pregnant working women in selected occupational groups: A study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
2010
Abstract Background Exposure to infectious pathogens is a frequent occupational hazard for women who work with patients, children, animals or animal products. The purpose of the present study is to investigate if women working in occupations where exposure to infections agents is common have a high risk of infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods We used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a population-based cohort study and studied the risk of Infection and adverse outcomes in pregnant women working with patients, with children, with food products or with animals. The regression analysis were adjusted for the following covariates: maternal age, parity, history of miscarri…
Prenatal exposure to lead in Spain: Cord blood levels and associated factors
2011
Abstract Introduction and Objective Lead is a known neurotoxic. Fetuses and infants are very vulnerable to lead exposure, since their blood-brain barrier is not completely formed. Hence, there is an importance for monitoring of blood lead levels prenatally and during early infancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prenatal exposure to lead and its association with maternal factors in four population based mother–child cohorts in Spain. The present research was carried out within the framework of the INMA project INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood). Methods A total of 1462 pregnant women were recruited between 2004 and 2008. Lead was analyzed in a sample of cord blo…
Prenatal and postnatal residential usage of insecticides in a multicenter birth cohort in Spain
2013
Abstract: This study aimed to describe the residential use of insecticides in a birth cohort in Spain. Study subjects were 2 456 women enrolled into the INMA (Environment and Childhood) birth cohort followed prospectively during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period. The women were recruited at the beginning of their pregnancy between 2003 and 2008 in four regions of Spain. Socio-demographic, environmental and lifestyle information was obtained at two interviews during pregnancy, one at the first (mean:13.8 +/- 2.6 weeks of gestation) and the other at the third trimester (mean: 33.3 +/- 23 weeks of gestation). Information about prenatal use of indoor and outdoor insecticides (type, ti…
External and internal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) among workers in the production of fire-proof materials – Proposal of a biol…
2006
In 1999, we introduced the German polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) study. The study was designed as a nation-wide investigation on workers exposed to PAH. One aim of the study was to establish biological monitoring guidance values (BMGVs) for different branches. Here, we report on the production of fire-proof materials. This branch of industry is typically confronted with high exposure to PAH and with PAH-induced occupational (cancer) diseases. One hundred and thirty-five employees participated in the course of seven sampling dates in four different plants in Germany. External exposure was determined by personal air monitoring of the 16 EPA-PAH. Human biological monitoring was accompl…
Exposure to non-persistent pesticides in the Spanish population using biomonitoring: A review
2021
Abstract Although Spain does not have a regular national human biomonitoring program yet, different research groups are active in evaluating the exposure of children and adults to chemicals. In the last seven years, several studies in Spain have evaluated the internal exposure of the population to currently used pesticides. The present review analyzes the scope of these studies, the employed analytical methods and the main results of the exposure and risk, mainly for children and mothers. The frequency of exposure to biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate pesticides is high. Some non-specific dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DAPs), such as the diethyl phosphate (DEP), present Detection Fre…
Tiotropium add-on therapy reduces seasonal peaks of asthma worsening in adults with symptomatic severe asthma
2019
Despite the use of preferred controller therapies (including inhaled corticosteroids [ICS] with or without additional long-acting β2-agonists [LABAs]), a large proportion of patients with asthma have poor disease control, leaving them at risk of recurring symptoms and episodes of asthma exacerbations and worsening [1, 2]. Such problems can be triggered by many different environmental factors including pollutants, respiratory infections or allergens [3]. They may occur sporadically, but are often determined by seasons, mirroring seasonal patterns of allergen exposure and prevalence of respiratory viral infection [3, 4]. They can cause reduced quality of life, increase asthma burden [2, 3], a…