Search results for "Exposure"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Wastewater-based epidemiology: current status and future prospects
2019
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been consolidated as a tool to provide real-time information on consumption of legal and illegal drugs of abuse by the population. However, WBE is expected to achieve more ambitious objectives such as establishing exposure to certain agents (pesticides, personal care products, persistent organic pollutants, and pathogens), incidence of specific diseases (diabetes, allergies, oxidative stress, and cancer), and determination of some lifestyle consequences (exposure to personal care products, consumption of doping substances or products for the treatment of erectile dysfunction) or environmental factors (increase in temperature) in populations. Herein, w…
Influence des pratiques d’allaitement et de diversification sur l’acceptation de flaveurs nouvelles chez le jeune enfant : variabilité intra- et inte…
2007
This thesis covers three separate but related studies. The first, a questionnaire survey of infant feeding practices in two nearby European regions (Dijon, France and Aalen, Germany) reports between- and withinregion differences in breastfeeding duration and variety of vegetables offered early in weaning. This survey identified the level and rate of vegetable variety and the specific foods to use in a second study. The 2nd study examined the effects of breast- or formula-feeding and different levels of vegetable variety (no, low or high) early in weaning on acceptance (intake and liking) of new foods. The foods were: (1) a first new vegetable offered immediately after the intervention; (2) …
Evolution of olfactory responses in the first two years of life : effect of early exposures and link with food behaviour
2013
The role of taste on food preferences has already been investigated, however, little is known about the role of olfaction. The main objectives of this work were to assess infants’ olfactory responses, their dynamic during the first two years of life, and also their links with early food exposures, food liking and infants’ food neophobia. This work was conducted within a longitudinal study named OPALINE (Observatory of food preferences in infants and children). Olfactory responses were assessed, in 8-, 12- and 22-month-old infants, towards pleasant odours, such as vanilla, and unpleasant odours, such as fish. The results reveal that, from 8 months, infants can discriminate pleasant and unple…
Environmental Isocyanate-Induced Asthma: Morphologic and Pathogenetic Aspects of an Increasing Occupational Disease
2011
Occupational diseases affect more and more people every year. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), in 2000 an estimated amount of at least 160 million people became ill as a result of occupational-related hazards or injuries. Globally, occupational deaths, diseases and injuries account for an estimated loss of 4% of the Gross Domestic Product. Important substances that are related to occupational diseases are isocyanates and their products. These substances, which are used in a lot of different industrial processes, are not only toxic and irritant, but also allergenic. Although the exposure to higher concentrations could be monitored and restricted by technical means, v…
Caging techniques for field exposures of fish to chemical contaminants
2005
The article reviews current state-of-the-art to conduct fish caging as an assessment and monitoring technique in aquatic toxicology. A multitude of scientific, practical and management factors influence and may restrict how field research is carried out. For many purposes the advantages of transplant fish caging outweigh the alternative methodologies of impact studies of xenobiotics. However, besides mortality, virtually no study has evaluated the physiological consequences of caging fish. It is not known how caging itself affects the responses of fishes to chemical pollution. The used caging densities are commonly too high. However, with the aid of variables describing physiological stress…
Why People Born During World War II are Healthier
2017
War leads civilians to suffer. This can take extreme forms, such as during periods of intense violence or famines. But also outside of such episodes, civilians’ lives during wars can be harsh, as they suffer from poorer nutritional situations, stress, recessions, and sub optimally functioning health care systems. The more extreme types of suffering are proven to lead to a worse health among those prenatally exposed to them. But long-run effects of prenatal exposure to the latter circumstances have thus far largely been unexplored, even though in many wars more pregnant women are exposed to these “everyday” circumstances than to the extreme circumstances. We study the general, population-wid…
Fasting During Pregnancy and Children's Academic Performance
2011
Conventionally studied educational interventions tend to be costly and may be subject to “fade out”. In contrast, experiences during the prenatal period can have large and persistent effects on academic performance, even when quite brief. In this paper, we consider a relatively mild and commonly-experienced prenatal exposure – that occasioned by daytime fasting during the lunar month of Ramadan. In register data from England, we find that test scores at age seven are approximately .05 to .08 standard deviations lower for Pakistani and Bangladeshi students exposed to Ramadan in early pregnancy. We argue these “intent to treat” estimates are downward biased relative to fasting’s effect due to…
Venture Capitalists' Decision to Syndicate.
2006
International audience; Financial theory, access to deal flow, selection, and monitoring skills are used to explain syndication in venture capital firms in six European countries. In contrast with U.S. findings, portfolio management motives are more important for syndication than individual deal management motives. Risk sharing, portfolio diversification, and access to larger deals are more important than selection and monitoring of deals. This holds for later stage and for early stage investors. Value adding is a stronger motive for syndication for early stage investors than for later stage investors, however. Nonlead investors join syndicates for the selection and value-adding skills of t…
Optimising the efficiency of olive harvesting considering operator safety
2019
Mechanical-assisted harvesting of olives, which is carried out using hand-held harvesting units that detach the drupes through vibration supplied by electric motor or combustion engines, is a widespread method used in southern Italy. Such machines are able to harvest more than 80% of the overall quantity of olives available per tree in 5–10 min, but their performance is influenced by several factors related to the mechanical characteristics of the device and to the features of the trees. Here the problem of optimising harvesting efficiency whilst minimising the health risks to the operators is investigated, with the aim of demonstrating that it is possible to determine an optimum harvesting…
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive processes - a pilot study on pulsed field interference with cognitive regeneration.
2004
Background – Due to the ubiquitous use of cellular phones much has been speculated on secondary effects of electromagnetic irradiation emitted by those. Additionally, several studies have reported vegetative alterations as well as effects on the neuronal and molecular levels in humans. Here, using a psycho–physiological test paradigm, we examined effects of exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive performance. Materials and methods – In 11 volunteers, we tested cognitive processing under field exposure (GSM standard) and under field-free conditions. To examine the hypothesized effect of pulsed fields, we applied an auditory discrimination task and determined the participant's …