Search results for "External"

showing 10 items of 601 documents

Who Is the Social Entrepreneur?

2021

Social entrepreneurs are understood as individuals integrated within a society, being continually influenced by the environment. This chapter explains that the constitution of a social entrepreneur is determined by external variables (environmental influences) and internal variables (characteristics of the individual). Among the external influences, we should highlight the Triple Bottom Line phenomenon, the Corporate Social Responsibility trend, technological advances and the Sustainable Development Goals. The intrinsic motivators would be divided into three different dimensions: attitude and intention, personality traits and leadership skills. The synergies produced as a consequence of the…

Sustainable developmentExternal variableConstitutionPhenomenonmedia_common.quotation_subjectTriple bottom lineCorporate social responsibilityPersonalityBig Five personality traitsPsychologySocial psychologymedia_common
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Promoting sustainable environmental practices amongst automobile consumers: an evaluation of the impacts of pursuing innovations in tax regulations

2012

The growing importance of environmental sustainability has resulted in governments pursuing innovative regulatory changes in order to achieve this goal. The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically whether pursuing innovative regulations in the realm of environmental taxation have elicited more sustainable practices amongst automobile consumers in Spain. The finding is that the tax innovations of the Spanish government that seek to internalise externalities, namely the registration tax and fuel tax, but not the annual circulation tax, are leading automobile consumers to pursue more environmentally sustainable practices, and are also resulting in the automotive sector itself pursuing inno…

Sustainable developmentGovernmentPublic economicsbusiness.industryFuel taxSustainabilityAutomotive industryPublic policyBusinessProduct (category theory)ExternalityInternational Journal of Innovation and Regional Development
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Determination of consensus kQ values for megavoltage photon beams for the update of IAEA TRS-398

2020

The IAEA is currently coordinating a multi-year project to update the TRS-398 Code of Practice for the dosimetry of external beam radiotherapy based on standards of absorbed dose to water. One major aspect of the project is the determination of new beam quality correction factors, kQ, for megavoltage photon beams consistent with developments in radiotherapy dosimetry and technology since the publication of TRS-398 in 2000. Specifically, all values must be based on, or consistent with, the key data of ICRU Report 90. Data sets obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) calculations by advanced users and measurements at primary standards laboratories have been compiled for 23 cylindrical ionization chamb…

TRS-398INMRImedicine.medical_treatmentMonte Carlo method030218 nuclear medicine & medical imagingNuclear physics03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineRelative biological effectivenessDosimetryRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingExternal beam radiotherapyMonte CarloPhysicsMV photon beamsRadiological and Ultrasound Technologydosimetryionization chambersmetrologymetrologia030220 oncology & carcinogenesisAbsorbed doseIonization chamberPhoton beamsbeam quality correction factorsLaser beam quality
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Environmental taxation, information precision, and information sharing

2022

We analyze how environmental taxes should be optimally levied when the regulators and firms face costs uncertainties in a Stackelberg-Cournot game. We allow linear-quadratic payoffs functions coupled with an affine information structure encompassing common and private information with noisy signals. In the first period, the regulator chooses the intensity of emissions taxes in order to reduce externalities. In the second period, facing industry-related and firm-specific shocks, firms compete in the marketplace as Cournot rivals and choose outputs. We show that, given costs uncertainties with non-uniform quality of signals across firms, the regulator sets differentiated tax policy. We also e…

Tax policyHistoryEconomics and EconometricsPolymers and PlasticsSociology and Political ScienceInformation sharingEconomic surplusCournot competitionIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringValue of informationMicroeconomicsCollusionEconomicsBusiness and International ManagementPrivate information retrievalExternalityFinanceJournal of Public Economic Theory
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Análisis Económico del Derecho (2010/11)

2010

Parece que Derecho y Economía sean dos disciplinas que tienen poco que ver entre sí. Diferencias de objeto y método han venido manteniéndolas separadas, a pesar de que los estudios de Economía, en su acepción inicial de Economía Política, tuvieron su origen y se desarrollaron en las facultades de Derecho españolas.Esta separación no evitaba algún contacto eventual en aquellos campos en los que la coincidencia era más obvia: áreas híbridas, más jurídicas para el análisis económico y más económicas para el análisis jurídico como las describe el profesor Santos Pastor: los tributos y, ocasionalmente, algunas modalidades de regulación.Ahora bien, desde los años 60 y, originalmente en EE.UU., se…

Teorema de CoaseDerechos de PropiedadCiencias Sociales y JurídicasExternalidadesUNESCO::CIENCIAS ECONÓMICASCriterio de Kaldor-HicksPrincipio de ResponsabilidadOCW
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Non-Linear Hysteretic Instability in Rotating Machinery

2013

The destabilizing influence of the shaft hysteresis on the supercritical whirl of rotating machines can be efficiently counterbalanced by proper external dissipative sources in the supports and/or anisotropic suspension systems. The hysteretic effect may be treated either by dry or viscous models obtaining different but somehow similar results in the hypothesis of small dissipation levels. Thus the linear viscous assumption is often accepted as a crude approximation for a straightforward analysis of the whirling instability. Nevertheless the internal friction should be regarded most likely as non-linear and could be approximated for example by Coulombian models taking thus into account also the releasing effect of some shrink-fit coupling present in the mechanical assembly.
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Competitive versus efficient extraction of a common property resource: The groundwater case

2001

Abstract In this paper socially optimal and private extraction of a common property aquifer are compared. Open-loop equilibrium and feedback equilibrium in linear strategies have been computed to characterize private extraction. The use of these two equilibrium concepts allows us to distinguish between cost and strategic externalities as long as the open-loop solution captures only the cost externality, and the feedback solution captures both. The results show that strategic behaviour increases the overexploitation of the aquifer compared to the open-loop solution. However, if the groundwater storage capacity is large, the difference between the socially optimal and private extraction, the …

TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUSEconomics and EconometricsgeographyControl and Optimizationgeography.geographical_feature_categoryApplied MathematicsAquiferEnvironmental economicsCommon-pool resourceOverexploitationEconomicsCommon propertyExtraction (military)ExternalityGroundwaterGroundwater storageJournal of Economic Dynamics and Control
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The total social costs of constructing and operating a high-speed rail line using a case study of the Riyadh-Dammam Corridor, Saudi Arabia

2019

Introducing a High-Speed Rail technology between the Saudi Arabian cities starts raising many challenging issues of different nature ranging from technical to operational, which require huge investments in infrastructure, operations and maintenance. Background information about the development of HSR worldwide to date is included. However, the main aim of this paper is to determine a methodology to estimate the full cost of travel and provide insights into the working model developed to include the calculations of the total social costs of building a new HSR line for the Riyadh-Dammam corridor in Saudi Arabia and understand in what circumstances it is a suitable technology to use. The Sprea…

Total costmedia_common.quotation_subjectGeography Planning and DevelopmentPopulationSaudi Arabialcsh:HT165.5-169.9Transport engineeringDummy variablePer capitaoperator costeducationexternal costmedia_commoneducation.field_of_studyVariablesuser costBuilding and Constructionlcsh:City planningInvestment (macroeconomics)Urban Studieslcsh:TA1-2040Gravity model of tradeOrder (business)high-speed railtotal social costsBusinesslcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
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Blood Component Therapy and Coagulopathy in Trauma: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the Trauma Update Group

2016

Background Traumatic coagulopathy is thought to increase mortality and its treatment to reduce preventable deaths. However, there is still uncertainty in this field, and available literature results may have been overestimated. Methods We searched the MEDLINE database using the PubMed platform. We formulated four queries investigating the prognostic weight of traumatic coagulopathy defined according to conventional laboratory testing, and the effectiveness in reducing mortality of three different treatments aimed at contrasting coagulopathy (high fresh frozen plasma/packed red blood cells ratios, fibrinogen, and tranexamic acid administration). Randomized controlled trials were selected alo…

Tranexamic acidPhysiologyGlycobiologylcsh:MedicineCardiovascular MedicinePathology and Laboratory MedicineBiochemistryVascular Medicinelaw.inventionDatabase and Informatics MethodsFresh frozen plasma0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled trialCoagulopathyAnimal CellslawAntifibrinolytic agentFibrinogen; Fresh frozen plasma; Tranexamic acid; Antifibrinolytic agent.Medicine and Health Sciences030212 general & internal medicineDatabase Searchinglcsh:ScienceMultidisciplinaryPlasma ExchangeHematologyBlood Coagulation DisordersClinical Laboratory SciencesAntifibrinolytic AgentsBody FluidsBloodtraumaTranexamic AcidCardiovascular DiseasesResearch DesignMeta-analysisObservational StudiesFresh frozen plasmaAnatomyCellular TypesResearch ArticlePlateletsmedicine.medical_specialtyDeath RatesHemorrhageBlood Component TransfusionResearch and Analysis MethodsExternal validity03 medical and health sciencesSigns and SymptomsPopulation MetricsDiagnostic MedicinemedicineCoagulopathyHumansBlood TransfusionMortalityIntensive care medicineBlood CoagulationAntifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Humans; Mortality; Plasma Exchange; Tranexamic Acid; Wounds and Injuries; Blood Component Transfusion; Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (all); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)DemographyGlycoproteinsBlood CellsAntifibrinolytic agentPopulation BiologyCoagulation DisordersTransfusion Medicinebusiness.industrylcsh:RBleedingAntifibrinolytic agent.Biology and Life SciencesFibrinogen030208 emergency & critical care medicineCell Biologymedicine.diseaseSurgeryPeople and PlacesWounds and Injurieslcsh:QObservational studyPacked red blood cellsbusinessPLOS ONE
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Evaluation and Accreditation System of External Internship Tutors - SEATPE

2020

La Universidad de Valencia ha implementado desde 2012 un Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de Tutores de Pasantías Externas (SEATPE) a través de su Fundación Universidad-Empresa, ADEIT, bajo la dirección del Vicerrector de Empleo y Programas Formativos. Los objetivos principales de este sistema son mejorar la calidad de la tutoría de pasantías externas implementando mecanismos para reconocer el buen trabajo de los tutores y aumentar el compromiso de las empresas y entidades con la capacitación práctica de nuestros estudiantes. Está dirigido a los dos perfiles de tutores: académicos y empresas. Los tutores que acceden al SEATPE obtienen una "Mención de calidad" en el caso del tutor académ…

Tutor´s trainingMedical educationHigher educationbusiness.industryTeachingPracticumTutoringmedia_common.quotation_subjectEducational systemsPracticumHigher EducationQualityInternshipExternal internshipsLearningQuality (business)EvaluationPsychologybusinessEducational systemsAccreditationmedia_common6th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'20)
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