Search results for "External"
showing 10 items of 601 documents
Dysfunctional belief domains related to obsessive-compulsive disorder: a further examination of their dimensionality and specificity
2010
International consensus has been achieved on the existence of several dysfunctional beliefs underlying the development and/or maintenance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, questions such as the dimensionality of the belief domains and the existence of OCD-specific dysfunctional beliefs still remain inconclusive. The present paper addresses these topics through two different studies. Study 1: A series of confirmatory factor analyses (N= 573 non-clinical subjects) were carried out on the Obsessive Beliefs Spanish Inventory-Revised (OBSI-R), designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs hypothetically related to OCD. An eight-factor model emerged as the best factorial soluti…
Should Exercises be Painful or not? Effects on Clinical and Experimental Pain in Individuals with Shoulder Pain
2021
Exercise can reduce pain, however the effect of painful versus non-painful exercises is uncertain. The primary aim of this randomized crossover study was to compare the effect of painful versus nonpainful isometric shoulder exercises on pain intensity after exercise in individuals with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain. Secondary exploratory aims were to describe the effects on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and muscle strength. On separate days, 35 individuals performed painful isometric shoulder exercises (external rotation; 20% above pain threshold), nonpainful isometric shoulder exercises (external rotation; 20% below pain threshold), and a rest cond…
The role of parents' self‐esteem, mastery‐orientation and social background in their parenting styles
2000
In order to examine the extent to which parents' levels of education, financial resources, self-esteem, and their mastery-orientation versus task-avoidance are associated with their parenting styles and parental stress, data from two studies were analyzed. In Study I, parents of 105 6 to 7-year old children were asked to fill in scales measuring their parenting styles and parental stress, mastery-orientation, financial resources, and their level of education. In Study II, 235 parents were asked to fill in the same scales. An identical pattern of results was found in the two studies. Parents' self-esteem and their use of mastery-oriented strategy were found to be associated with authoritativ…
Patients’ health locus of control and preferences about the role that they want to play in the medical decision-making process
2021
Health locus of control (HLOC) may influence people’s behavior regarding their health as well as their desires to be involved in the medical decision-making. Our study aimed to examine HLOC’s relations with people’s control preferences about the medical decision-making. A total of 153 people filled out the self-administered version of the Control Preference Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale–form C. The most preferred role is the collaborative one. However, HLOC explained heterogeneity in people’s control preferences: lower scores in external HLOC were related to a greater preference for the active and the collaborative role. From the personalized medicine perspect…
Physical Activity in Peri-Urban Communities: Testing Intentional and Implicit Processes within an Ecological Framework.
2019
Background: Given the substantive health inequalities in peri-urban communities and the potential for physical activity to promote health in these communities, identifying modifiable physical activity determinants in this population is important. This study explored effects of the periurban environment and psychological constructs on physical activity intentions and behavioural automaticity guided by an integrated theoretical framework. Methods: Peri-urban Australians (N=271) completed self report measures of environmental (i.e., physical/socialenvironment, and neighbourhood selection), motivational (i.e., autonomous motivation), and social cognition (i.e., attitudes, norms, and perceived b…
Why have I failed? Why have I passed? A comparison of students’ causal attributions in second language acquisition (A1–B2 levels)
2019
Background Previous literature highlights the importance of causal attributions in achievement and motivation. However, the studies about causal attributions in second language acquisition (SLA) are limited and scarce. Aims This study was designed to determine the frequency of successful and unsuccessful activities per English level and to compare the causal attributions (explanations of outcomes) on successful and failure authentic tasks undertaken in the context of learning English as a foreign language (EFL) acquisition in an Official School of Languages (OSL). Sample To this aim, 407 native Spanish students from levels A1 (n = 111), A2 (n = 113), B1 (n = 98), and B2 (n = 85) in OSL part…
Want a tip? Service performance as a function of emotion regulation and extraversion.
2011
Surface acting and deep acting with customers are strategies for service performance, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited and mixed. We propose that deep acting is an effective strategy for most employees, whereas surface acting's effect on performance effectiveness depends on employee extraversion. In Study 1, restaurant servers who tended to use deep acting exceeded their customers' expectations and had greater financial gains (i.e., tips) regardless of extraversion, whereas surface acting improved tips only for extraverts, not for introverts. In Study 2, a call center simulation, deep acting improved emotional performance and increased the likelihood of extrarole service beha…
Probing birth-order effects on narrow traits using specification-curve analysis
2017
The idea that birth-order position has a lasting impact on personality has been discussed for the past 100 years. Recent large-scale studies have indicated that birth-order effects on the Big Five personality traits are negligible. In the current study, we examined a variety of more narrow personality traits in a large representative sample ( n = 6,500–10,500 in between-family analyses; n = 900–1,200 in within-family analyses). We used specification-curve analysis to assess evidence for birth-order effects across a range of models implementing defensible yet arbitrary analytical decisions (e.g., whether to control for age effects or to exclude participants on the basis of sibling spacing).…
The challenges of monoaxial bone transport in orthopedics and traumatology
2017
Background. Bone defects represent the main challenging problem for the orthopedic surgeon and, consequently, they increase the duration of hospitalization, risk of complications and health expenditures. The aim of our observational, descriptive and retrospective study is to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with a monolateral external fixator for bone defects greater than 3 cm. Material and methods. Between January 2003 and January 2013, 21 patients were treated at our center by bone transfer with a monolateral external fixator. The main etiologies were trauma in 17 cases (80.9%) and tumors in 4 cases (19.1%). Mean follow-up was 5 years for non-union and 3 years for tumors. Our cl…
Predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders in a general population in Finland
2010
For planning effective and well-targeted initiatives to reduce stigma, we need to identify which factors are associated with stigmatizing of people with mental disorders.This study examined how well a combination of variables predicts stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination in a general population.A survey questionnaire was sent to 10,000 persons aged 15-80 years residing in western Finland. Attitudes were measured using a scale consisting of negative stereotypes about people with depression and stereotypical beliefs connected with mental problems, while discrimination was measured by a social distance scale. Predictors included demographic variables, mental health resources, personal exp…