Search results for "Externality"
showing 10 items of 74 documents
Marketisation of Universities and Legal Education in Poland: The Balance 25 Years After the Transformation
2016
This paper is dedicated to the issue of the marketisation of universities and legal education 25 years after the systemic transformation of 1989 where, in public discourse, communist ideology had been replaced by a neo-liberal one. The process of marketisation is perceived as a way to deal with externalities’ where activities in areas traditionally regarded to be of a non-economic nature are being transformed to operate according to market-oriented model (with competitive market, pursuit for profit, economic efficiency, and cost reduction). The mentioned process has encroached into the sphere of higher education where there is observable departure from Humboldt’s model of university and a s…
The Port and its Environment
2013
In times of increasing environmental awareness, the port-city relationship has gained a new meaning since ports have been seen as the origin of both negative and positive externalities affecting the public wellbeing. While the former are the result of port expansion, the latter are the result of transforming obsolete port areas into recreational facilities. Therefore, in order to support effective policy-making, in this research is emphasized the need of measuring these environmental externalities. Considering their non-market nature, the contingent valuation method is introduced as an economic tool capable of overcoming this obstacle. Thus, the cases of two ports in Spain, namely Valencia …
Environmental damage evaluation in a willingness-to-accept scenario: A latent-class approach based on familiarity
2015
In this paper we report on the results of the application of a latent class model that was designed to identify and characterize unobserved preference heterogeneity in the context of a willingness-to-accept (WTA) framework involving negative environmental externalities stemming from the expansion of the Port of Valencia. We investigated the hypothesis that respondents with greater familiarity with the targeted good and any related environmental damage would demand more compensation; that is, they would have a significantly higher WTA. Based on respondents' familiarity with the Port of Valencia and their pre-existing knowledge about the negative consequences of its potential expansion three …
Institutions and geography: Empirical test of spatial growth models for European regions
2010
Abstract This article provides an empirical assessment of the growth experiences of European regions, during the period 1991–2004, by taking into account the spatial effects due to both institutions and geography. These effects have been modelled by means of specific controls and by using a non-conventional spatial weight matrix. Results favour a model dealing with substantive spatial externalities. Within this framework, the country-specific institutions are strongly and positively related to the regional productivity's growth rate. In addition, the geo-institutional proximity increases the spatial dependence of the regional output per worker and raises the speed of convergence. By contras…
The Go2School project for promoting cycling to school: A case study in Palermo
2021
Abstract The identification of transport policy measures able to reduce the use of private cars for home-to-school travel is very relevant to reduce congestion during peak hours and to ensure that the areas around schools have livable environments. An action that policymakers could apply is promoting cycling to school through the introduction of bikesharing programs and creating safe routes to school through the construction of new cycle infrastructure. The aim of the paper has been, therefore, to assess if these policies could lead the high-school students to cycle to school, considering the city of Palermo as a case study. The goal is reached through the calibration of a modal choice mode…
New economic geography and economic history: a survey of recent contributions through the lens of the Spanish industrialization process
2021
This paper aims to provide a synthesis of a number of articles that over the last few years have explored the industrialization process in Spain from the perspective of the new economic geography (NEG). To this end, we present some of the seminal theoretical papers of the NEG literature from which originated the main theoretical predictions that have been tested through empirical analysis applied to the case of Spain. We also look at those papers on the economic history of Spain that through the use of an economic geography framework have analysed how the location and regional concentration of manufacturing has evolved over the years. Altogether, this paper aims not only to present the dete…
The closed-form solution for a family of four-dimension nonlinear MHDS
2008
In this article we propose a method for solving a general class of four-dimension nonlinear modified Hamiltonian dynamic systems in closed form. This method may be used to study several intertemporal optimization problems sharing a common structure, which involves unbounded technological constraints as well as multiple controls and state variables. The method is developed by solving the first-order conditions associated with the planner's problem corresponding to the Lucas [1988. On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics 22, 3-42] two-sector model of endogenous growth, and allows for explicitly showing the transitional dynamics of the model. Despite the externa…
Alternative pricing regimes in interurban passenger transport with externalities and modal competition
2009
Abstract We develop an interurban passenger transport model with modal competition, where modes are perceived as differentiated products, and capture all major externalities. Our objective is to establish whether alternative regulatory regimes, which may involve road tolls, may lead to a traffic allocation, user welfare, and total welfare that may be closer to the social optimum. An empirical application to interurban Spanish travel is undertaken. We find that the private regime yields the lowest total welfare level: 12.6% below the social optimum level. Optimum pricing requires a toll on car transport of 5.1 cents of per passenger-km, and a price decrease of all other modes, relative to th…
Agricultural externalities and environmental regulation: evaluating good practice in citrus production
2006
Economic activity takes place in a scenario characterized by an increasing number of environmental regulations aimed at bringing under control the emission of contaminating wastes. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of transforming a code of good practice in nitrogen fertilization on Spanish citrus fruit farms into an environmental regulation of compulsory fulfilment. Using data envelopment techniques, we calculate unrestricted and environmentally regulated short-run maximum profits. Both profit values are then used to compute an index of the cost of regulation. Our results suggest that the cost of shifting from a merely recommended practice to a binding rule is low. On average, the loss…
Dynamic Models of International Environmental Agreements: A Differential Game Approach
2012
This article provides a survey of dynamic models of international environmental agreements (IEAs). The focus is on environmental problems that are caused by a stock pollutant as are the cases of the acid rain and climate change. For this reason, the survey only reviews the literature that utilizes dynamic state-space games to analyze the formation of international agreements to control pollution. The survey considers both the cooperative approach and the noncooperative approach. In the case of the latter, the survey distinguishes between the models that assume binding agreements and those that assume the contrary. An evaluation of the state of the art is presented in the conclusions along w…