Search results for "Externality"
showing 10 items of 74 documents
- STRATEGIC PIGOUVIAN TAXATION, STOCK EXTERNALITIES AND POLLUTING NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
2001
This paper extends Wirl and Dockner¿s (1995) model designed to analyze the long-term bilateral interdependence between a resource exporting cartel and a coalition of resource importing country governments. Firstly, depletion effects are introduced into the analysis of the intertemporal properties of a pigouvian tax. Secondly, the feedback Stackelberg equilibria are computed. The results show that the dynamics of the tax depends critically on the level of the marginal environmental damage. Moreover, they also show that the tax defined by the Markov-perfect Nash equilibrium is a neutral pigouvian tax in the sense that it only corrects the market inefficiency caused by the stock externality. H…
Externalities and article citations: experience of a national public health journal (Gaceta Sanitaria)
2016
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the determinants of citations such as publication year, article type, article topic, article selected for a press release, number of articles previously published by the corresponding author, and publication language in a Spanish journal of public health. Methods: Observational study including all articles published in Gaceta Sanitaria during 2007-2011. We retrieved the number of citations from the ISI Web of Knowledge database in June 2013 and also information on other variables such as number of articles published by the corresponding author in the previous 5 years (searched through PubMed), selection for a press release, publication langua…
Attracting Major Sporting Events: The Role of Local Residents
2006
Abstract The decision where to host major sports events is the result of a political process, involving local and national politicians as well as national and international sport governing bodies. Politicians and local/national sport governing bodies decide whether to apply for an event, while international sports governing bodies select the host cities (nations). Local and national residents play an important role in this process as their opinion will influence whether the political system supports the application and is willing to fund the event. Many event impacts have characteristics of public goods and externalities. This represents a potential welfare economic rationale for the public…
Environmental externalities and efficiency measurement.
2009
Production of desirable outputs often produces by-products that have harmful effects on the environment. This paper investigates technologies where the biggest good output producer is not the greatest polluter, i.e. technologies located on the downward-sloping segment of the frontier depicted in Fare et al. (1989). Directional distance functions and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques are used to define an algorithm that allows them to be identified empirically. Furthermore, we show that in such situations producers can contribute social goods, i.e. reducing polluting wastes, without limiting their capacity to maximise production of marketable output. Finally, we illustrate our methodology…
Intangible capital and business productivity in the hotel industry
2019
Intangible capital is a key factor of productivity growth. This paper analyses how the internal intangible capital of the company and external intangible capital influence its productivity. This contribution focuses on the hotel industry since it is a key industry of the Spanish economy, such that any increase in its productivity has an impact on the entire economy. Both, the intangible capital of the company and that of the region in which the company is located are considered as determinants of productivity. Likewise, the importance of other agglomeration economies in the productivity of hotel companies is taken into account. A model estimates firm level determinants of productivity, cont…
Shadow prices of emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment plants: Quantification of environmental externalities.
2017
Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to remove mainly the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and suspended solids from wastewater but are not capable of removing chemicals of human origin, such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). The presence of PPCPs in wastewater has environmental effects on the water bodies receiving the WWTP effluents and renders the effluent as unsuitable as a nonconventional water source. Considering PPCPs as non-desirable outputs, the shadow prices methodology has been implemented using the output distance function to measure the environmental benefits of removing five PPCPs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen…
Estimating the environmental and resource costs of leakage in water distribution systems: A shadow price approach.
2016
Water scarcity is one of the main problems faced by many regions in the XXIst century. In this context, the need to reduce leakages from water distribution systems has gained almost universal acceptance. The concept of sustainable economic level of leakage (SELL) has been proposed to internalize the environmental and resource costs within economic level of leakage calculations. However, because these costs are not set by the market, they have not often been calculated. In this paper, the directional-distance function was used to estimate the shadow price of leakages as a proxy of their environmental and resource costs. This is a pioneering approach to the economic valuation of leakage exter…
THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE EXTERNALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CULTURAL GOODS
2001
This study examined the economic value of the externalities associated with cultural goods. The purpose of this study is to clarify the willingness to pay to maintain the Central Finland museum of the ones which had filled a 18 year of Jyväskylä inhabitants and of factors which affect a payment willingness. From dichotomous choice valuation (DC-method) data we have estimated the cumulative probability density function (cdf). From estimated cdf we can calculate welfare measures such as median of the estimated distribution of CV. The study found firstly that the surplus of the consumer is thus 1.17 MFIM measured on the basis of the median value. In the respondents' opinion the value of the C…
Financing Unemployment Benefits: Dismissal versus Employment Taxes
2006
This paper investigates the effects of using dismissal taxes to finance unemployment benefits. We compare dismissal and employment taxes in a model with search frictions. Employment taxes give rise to externalities because firms do not take into account the effects their dismissal decisions have on others. By introducing dismissal taxes to finance unemployment insurance, these externalities can partly be internalized. Taking into account the budget of the unemployment insurance, employment taxes can be reduced by more than necessary to offset the adverse effect of dismissal taxes on the firm value. The introduction of dismissal taxes leads to higher job creation and lower unemployment, in c…
The Origins of Social Ventures
2021
This chapter addresses the social venture as a form of organization that has a role in the current society. In an economy based on markets, the intervention of multiple actors by itself—like governments, social movements, charity, and social ventures—cannot ensure the mechanisms necessary to the proper working of the system. In this way, markets present a set of failures and externalities that government action tries to solve. However, government action is limited due to a set of circumstances. Social movements and charity emerge to overcome the government’s limitations. Social entrepreneurship, as the last organization analyzed in this chapter, arises when social movements and charities fa…