Search results for "Extinction"

A comparison of three statistical methods for analysing extinction threat status

2013

SUMMARYThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List provides a globally-recognized evaluation of the conservation status of species, with the aim of catalysing appropriate conservation action. However, in some parts of the world, species data may be lacking or insufficient to predict risk status. If species with shared ecological or life history characteristics also tend to share their risk of extinction, then ecological or life history characteristics may be used to predict which species may be at risk, although perhaps not yet classified as such by the IUCN. Statistical models may be a means to determine whether there are non-threatened or unclassified species that s…

94. Extinction of cognitively conditioned fear in borderline personality disorder

2009

Late Miocene turnover in the Spanish mammal record in relation to palaeoclimate and the Messinian Salinity Crisis

2006

Abstract The latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene is a period of marked changes in geography and climate in the circum-Mediterranean area. Its geographical situation gives Spain a key position, and its fossil mammal record reflects these important geographical and climatic changes particularly well. The Spanish mammal record shows a gradual change of composition towards the typical Pleistocene and recent fauna, marked by several extinction and dispersal events. These events have the effect that northern Eurasian elements increase, while taxa that locally go extinct may live on in tropical areas. Superposed on this large scale trend, there are some events of short lived incursions of animals…

The model for public television and the young audience’s expectations. Differences between Great Britain and Spain in the perception of qualities and…

2017

Public service media (PSM) are in crisis throughout Europe. As a scenario for research, the two extremes of the background have been chosen: the first, BBC, is at the heart of media system, has become a model for the others and has just finished the particularly delicate challenge of renewal the fundamental law that is to rule over the next ten years; the second is on the periphery of public television, and in the extreme circumstances in Spain that have driven some of the television corporations to extinction, such as Canal 9 -Radiotelevisió Valenciana (RTVV). Using a method based on the use of semi-structured interviews and Delphi, the conception of these media models among their respecti…

Non-breeding waterbirds benefit from protected areas when adjusting their distribution to climate warming

2021

AbstractClimate warming is driving changes in species distributions, although many species show a so-called climatic debt, where their range shifts lag behind the fast shift in temperature isoclines. Protected areas (PAs) may impact the rate of distribution changes both positively and negatively. At the cold edges of species distributions, PAs can facilitate species distribution changes by increasing the colonization required for distribution change. At the warm edges, PAs can mitigate the loss of species, by reducing the local extinction of vulnerable species. To assess the importance of PAs to affect species distribution change, we evaluated the changes in a non-breeding waterbird communi…

Living Together: The Parasites of Marine Mammals

2002

The reader may wonder why, within a book of biology and conservation of marine mammals, a chapter should be devoted to their parasites. There are four fundamental reasons. First, parasites represent a substantial but neglected facet of biodiversity that still has to be evaluated in detail (Windsor, 1995; Hoberg, 1997; Brooks and Hoberg, 2000. Perception of parasites among the public are negative and, thus, it may be hard for politicians to justify expenditure in conservation programmes of such organisms. However, many of the reasons advanced for conserving biodiversity or saving individual species also apply to parasites (Marcogliese and Price, 1997; Gompper and Williams, 1998). One fundame…

Farmland versus forest: comparing changes in Odonata species composition in western and eastern Sweden

2013

Despite the loss of natural ecosystems in the developed world dur- ing the past millennia, anthropogenic landscapes still sustain much biodiversity. Our question was, whether ten year changes in regional Odonata faunas are comparable between farmland and forested areas, or if the species pool of farm- land areas respond in other ways than that of forest. 2. We used data of dragonfly larvae collected from 16 lakes in a farmland area in south-western Sweden in the years 2002 and 2011/12, and compared these to data from 34 lakes in a forest area in south-eastern Sweden in the years 1996 and 2006. 3. The species-richness in the agricultural region increased by 17% but decreased by 13% in the fo…

The genetic ghost of an invasion past: colonization and extinction revealed by historical hybridization inSenecio

2011

Hybridization is an important evolutionary factor in the diversification of many plant and animal species. Of particular interest is that historical hybridization resulting in the origin of new species or introgressants has occurred between species now geographically separated by great distances. Here, we report that Senecio massaicus, a tetraploid species native to Morocco and the Canary Islands, contains genetic material of two distinct, geographically separated lineages: a Mediterranean lineage and a mainly southern African lineage. A time-calibrated internal transcribed spacer phylogeny indicates that the hybridization event took place up to 6.18 Ma. Because the southern African lineage…

Has palaeontology answers for some current environmental problems?

2021

History as an irreversible process has no role from a uniformitarian point of view in geology and palaeobiology. Contingency is another trait of history and particle palaeontology has its foundation on such principles. However, new approaches in physics and the theory of systems point out the need to consider a time arrow. Moreover, chance and necessity are interwoven in synergetics and self-organization theory and there may be some possibility of prediction. The global biota has a history resulting from a process of self-organization. A rich fossil record was produced during the Phanerozoic times and this fossil record shows us how life overcame several important crisis. A clear understand…

Airborne Measurements of Contrail Ice Properties—Dependence on Temperature and Humidity

2021

The largest share in the climate impact of aviation results from cirrus clouds. Here, the dependence of microphysical contrail ice properties and extinction on temperature and humidity is investigated. Contrail measurements were performed at various altitudes during the 2018 ECLIF II/NDMAX campaign with the NASA DC-8 chasing the DLR A320. Ice number concentrations and contrail extinction coefficients are largest at altitudes near 9.5 km, typical for short- and medium-range air traffic. At higher altitudes near 11.5 km, low ambient water vapor concentrations lead to smaller contrail particle sizes and lower extinction coefficients. In addition, contrails were detected below 8.2 km near the S…