Search results for "Eye"
showing 10 items of 2511 documents
Photoreceptor cells display a daily rhythm in the orphan receptor Esrrβ
2015
Purpose Nuclear orphan receptors are critical for the development and long-term survival of photoreceptor cells. In the present study, the expression of the nuclear orphan receptor Esrrβ—a transcriptional regulator of energy metabolism that protects rod photoreceptors from dystrophy—was tested under daily regulation in the retina and photoreceptor cells. Methods The daily transcript and protein amount profiles were recorded in preparations of the whole retina and microdissected photoreceptor cells using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis. Results Esrrβ displayed a daily rhythm with elevated values at night in the whole retina and enriched photoreceptor cells. Daily regulation…
Anisometropia of spherical equivalent and astigmatism among myopes: a 23-year follow-up study of prevalence and changes from childhood to adulthood.
2017
Purpose To study anisometropia of spherical equivalent and astigmatism from the onset of myopia at school age to adulthood. Methods A total of 240 myopic schoolchildren (mean age 10.9 years), with no previous spectacles, were recruited during 1983–1984 to a randomized 3-year clinical trial of bifocal treatment of myopia. Examinations with subjective cyclopedic refraction were repeated 3 years later (follow-up 1) for 238 subjects and thereafter at the mean ages of 23.2 (follow-up 2) and 33.9 years (follow-up 3) for 178 and 134 subjects. After exclusions, the 102 subjects who attended all three follow-ups were included in the analyses. Corneal refractive power and astigmatism and anterior cha…
In vivo consequences of cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) inhibition by voriconazole on cholesterol homeostasis and function in the rat retina
2014
International audience; Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol in neurons and participates in cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system, including the retina. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of CYP46A1 inhibition by voriconazole on cholesterol homeostasis and function in the retina. Rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of voriconazole (60 mg/kg), minocycline (22 mg/kg), voriconazole plus minocycline, or vehicle during five consecutive days. The rats were submitted to electroretinography to monitor retinal functionality. Cholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol were measured in plasma, brain and retina by gas chromatog…
Changes in quality of life in visually impaired patients after low-vision rehabilitation.
2013
The objective of the study was to assess the impact of low-vision aids on quality of life. Interviews included a modified version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (Modified German NEI VFQ-25), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination Blind, and Indicators of the Rehabilitation Status. These were conducted before and 5 months after low-vision rehabilitation that involved recommendation of devices and instructing patients on how to use them. Of a total of 88 patients interviewed before low-vision rehabilitation, 50 patients could be reached for the follow-up interview. A huge proportion of the sample reported clinically signifi…
Corneal thickness in children with growth hormone deficiency: The effect of GH treatment.
2014
Abstract OBJECTIVE: The eye represents a target site for GH action, although few data are available in patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Our aim was to evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) values in GHD children to assess the role played by GHD or GH treatment on these parameters. DESIGN: In 74 prepubertal GHD children (51M, 23F, aged 10.4±2.4years) we measured CCT and IOP before and after 12months of treatment. A baseline evaluation was also made in 50 healthy children matched for age, gender and body mass index. The study outcome considered CCT and IOP during treatment and their correlations with biochemical and auxological data. RESULTS: No difference …
Learning to learn: Theta oscillations predict new learning, which enhances related learning and neurogenesis
2011
Animals in the natural world continuously encounter learning experiences of varying degrees of novelty. New neurons in the hippocampus are especially responsive to learning associations between novel events and more cells survive if a novel and challenging task is learned. One might wonder whether new neurons would be rescued from death upon each new learning experience or whether there is an internal control system that limits the number of cells that are retained as a function of learning. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that learning a task that was similar in content to one already learned previously would not increase cell survival. We further hypothesized that in situations in…
State-dependent changes in auditory sensory gating in different cortical areas in rats.
2015
Sensory gating is a process in which the brain's response to a repetitive stimulus is attenuated; it is thought to contribute to information processing by enabling organisms to filter extraneous sensory inputs from the environment. To date, sensory gating has typically been used to determine whether brain function is impaired, such as in individuals with schizophrenia or addiction. In healthy subjects, sensory gating is sensitive to a subject's behavioral state, such as acute stress and attention. The cortical response to sensory stimulation significantly decreases during sleep; however, information processing continues throughout sleep, and an auditory evoked potential (AEP) can be elicite…
Topical allopurinol or corticosteroids and acetylcysteine in the early treatment of experimental corneal alkali burns: a pilot study.
2002
PURPOSE. To investigate the effect of topical allopurinol on experimental corneal burns and to compare this to established treatment modalities such as topical prednisolone and acetylcysteine. METHODS. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=5 each). The groups were controls (normal saline), allopurinol 0.4% eye drops, prednisolone acetate 1% eye drops and acetylcysteine 8% eyedrops. Corneal burn was induced using a 3 mm paper disc soaked in 1N NaOH for 60 seconds. Drops were instilled 6 times per day. In addition, one drop/day ofloxacine was given to prevent secondary infections. Eyes were enucleated 50 hours later and fixed in 4.5% formaldehyde. Three histological leve…
The ocular penetration of oral sparfloxacin in humans
1994
The penetration of sparfloxacin into the aqueous humor after oral administration was studied in 28 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Each patient received a single, oral dose of 400 mg of sparfloxacin. In eight other patients scheduled to undergo vitreal surgery, multiple daily oral doses were administered for a total amount of 1,000 mg. The aqueous levels were (mean +/- SEM) 0.127 +/- 0.036 microgram/ml to 0.404 +/- 0.159 microgram/ml from two to 24 hours after ingestion. In the vitreous, the mean drug level was 0.840 microgram/ml (range, 0.480 to 2.060 microgram/ml), from 4.3 to 8.0 hours after the most recent oral dose. Blood samples obtained at the same time as vitreous and aqueous …
High levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide are associated with ST resolution failure after reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction
2007
Background: B-type natriuretic peptide and the N-terminal fragment of its prohormone, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP), provide valuable prognostic information on short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome Aim: To investigate the association between plasma NT-proBNP levels and ST-segment resolution (STR) after reperfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Consecutive patients from the French regional RICO survey with STEMI who were treated by primary PCI or lysis <12 h were included. Blood sample was taken on admission to measure plasma NT-proBNP. Maximal ST segment elevation was measured on the sin…