Search results for "Eye"

showing 10 items of 2511 documents

Tests of Lobster Eye Optics for Small Space X-ray Telescope

2011

Abstract The Lobster eye design for a grazing incidence X-ray optics provides wide field of view of the order of many degrees, for this reason it can be a convenient approach for the construction of space all-sky X-ray monitors. We present preliminary results of tests of prototype lobster eye X-ray optics in quasi parallel beam full imaging mode conducted using the 35 m long X-ray beam-line of INAF-OAPA in Palermo (Italy). X-ray images at the focal plane have been taken with a microchannel plate (MCP) detector at several energy values from 0.3 to 8 keV. The gain, the field of view and the angular resolution have been measured and compared with theoretical values.

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy Physicsbusiness.industryAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaDetectorX-ray opticsField of viewX-ray telescopeCardinal pointOpticsLobster eye X-ray optics X-ray telescope All-sky monitor X-ray imaging X-raySettore FIS/05 - Astronomia E AstrofisicaAngular resolutionMicrochannel plate detectorbusinessInstrumentationEnergy (signal processing)
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Synthesis of filters for specified axial irradiance by use of phase–space tomography

2001

A procedure for designing pupil filters for applications where specified axial responses are required is developed. The method is based on the mathematical relationship between the axial impulse response of a system and the Wigner distribution function (WDF) associated to its pupil function. The desired axial irradiance, which can also have a predefined behavior depending on spherical aberration, is used to obtain this WDF by tomographic reconstruction. The synthetic pupil is retrieved from this distribution.

PhysicsTomographic reconstructiongenetic structuresbusiness.industryIterative reconstructioneye diseasesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSpherical aberrationOpticsPhase spacePupil functionWigner distribution functionsense organsTomographyElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessImpulse responseOptics Communications
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European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 4. Thresholds of perception of whole-body linear oscillation.

1986

Thresholds for the detection of linear oscillatory motion at 0.3 Hz in the X, Y and Z body axes were determined during the flight of Spacelab-1 and on the ground pre- and post-flight, using the method of limits with a single staircase procedure. Pre-flight, Z axis thresholds (mean 0.077 ms-2) were significantly higher than X and Y thresholds (mean 0.029 ms-2). Measures obtained on three crew members in-flight exhibited thresholds greater, by a factor of 1.5-4.3, than those obtained pre-flight. Post-flight, two crew members had significantly elevated X and Y axis thresholds whereas the other two crew members had lowered thresholds in X, Y and Z axes. In general, thresholds had returned to pr…

PhysicsVestibular systemOscillationWeightlessnessbusiness.industryMotion SicknessWeightlessnessGeneral NeuroscienceMathematical analysisAccelerationCrewAdaptation (eye)Space FlightAdaptation PhysiologicalOtolithic MembraneOpticsSensory thresholdSensory ThresholdsPsychophysicsPsychophysicsHumansVestibule LabyrinthWhole bodybusinessKinesthesisExperimental brain research
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Contact lenses: do they really change the opticalperformance?

1996

Abstract In this investigation the quality of two types of optical correction, hydrogel contact lenses and ophthalmic lenses, wascompared by measuring the modulation transferfunction (MTF) of the correcting lens plus visual optics system using an objective method. A merit function was defined in order to allow the direct comparison between the optical performance with the two corrections. A study on 10 subjects was undertaken, measuring the MTF of both corrections by using the double pass method. The results show that the optical quality of contact lenses was higher than that with ophthalmic lenses. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and visual acuity (VA) were determined as subjective…

PhysicsVisual acuitygenetic structuresbusiness.industrymedia_common.quotation_subjectOptical correctionObjective methodGeneral Medicineeye diseasesOptical qualitylaw.inventionLens (optics)OphthalmologyOpticsOphthalmic lenseslawMerit functionmedicineContrast (vision)sense organsmedicine.symptombusinessOptometrymedia_commonContact Lens and Anterior Eye
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ERRATUM: "Search for High-Energy Muon Neutrinos from the "Naked-Eye" GRB 080319B with the Icecube Neutrino Telescope" (2009, ApJ, 701, 1721)

2009

We have noticed some mistakes in formulae (A2) and (A5) in the appendix of our paper. The errors are not present in the code used in the analysis and hence none of the plots or results is affected. The correct formulae are below.

Physics[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]Muon[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]Solar neutrino[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]AstronomyAstronomyAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstrophysicsSolar neutrino problem01 natural sciences[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]Neutrino detectorSpace and Planetary Science0103 physical sciencesNaked eyeNeutrinoNeutrino astronomy010306 general physicsGamma-ray burstGeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.dictionariesencyclopediasglossaries)
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Analytical description of lobster eye and similar multi-foil optics

2015

Analytical equations describing lobster eye optical parameters on dependence on its geometric parameters are presented. The paper partially gives review of main previously known results. At next, the paper gives new results discussing parameters, that were not included to previously published models but may be significant. The results are applicable for a Schmidt as well as for an Angel lobster eye and for some related multi-foil systems.

Physicsbusiness.industryx-ray opticElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialmulti-foil opticgrazing incidence opticX-ray opticsAnalytical equationsComputer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionCondensed Matter PhysicsApplied MathematicOpticslobster eyeElectrical and Electronic Engineeringbusinessreflective opticFOIL method
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Status of the EPIC thin and medium filters on-board XMM-Newton after more than 10 years of operation II: analysis of in-flight data

2013

After more than ten years of operation of the EPIC camera on board the X-ray observatory XMM-Newton we have reviewed the status of its thin and medium filters by performing both analysis of data collected in-flight and laboratory measurements on on-ground back-up filters. We have investigated the status of the EPIC thin and medium filters by performing an analysis of the optical loading in the PN offset maps to gauge variations in the optical and UV transmission of the filters. We both investigated repeated observations of single optically bright targets and performed a statistical analysis of the extent of loading versus visual magnitude at different epochs. We report the results of these …

Physicsgenetic structuresbusiness.industryAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaX-Rays: XMM-Newton - X-rays: instrumentation - X-rays: filtersEPICXMM-Newton - X-rays: instrumentation - X-rays: filters [X-Rays]eye diseasesOn boardOpticsApparent magnitudeSettore FIS/05 - Astronomia E AstrofisicaTransmission (telecommunications)ObservatoryData analysisStatistical analysissense organsbusinessFlight data
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Magnification of the retinal image through an intraocular Galilean telescope

2010

The intraocular Galilean telescope is a good solution for incrementing the visual capabilities of patients with age-related macular degeneration. Nevertheless, some problems arise with the use of the intraocular telescopes available at present; these problems are originated by two main factors: the use of the same power values for the lenses in all types of eyes and the fact that the values of the distance between lenses into the eye are not the most suitable ones. As a result, a high residual refraction is produced in many implanted eyes. We propose a method for predicting outcomes in order to select patients for this technique and, moreover, for choosing the optimum power for the positive…

Physicsgenetic structuresbusiness.industryMagnificationAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsResidualRefractioneye diseasesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsRetinal imagelaw.inventionLens (optics)TelescopeOpticslawRefracting telescopeMedical imagingsense organsbusinessJournal of Modern Optics
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Detection of wave aberrations in the human eye using a retinoscopy-like technique

2006

The influence of optical aberrations on the retinoscopic reflex is theoretically analyzed from a geometrical point of view. The relationship between the wave aberrations to the ray aberrations is applied to explain the appearance of the retinoscopic patterns for different types of ocular aberrations. Several schematic models of the human eye are tested numerically, showing that a careful retinoscopic examination can detect the usual eye aberrations.

Physicsgenetic structuresmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryeye diseasesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsAberrations of the eyeOpticsmedicine.anatomical_structuremedicineHuman eyesense organsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessRetinoscopyOptical aberrationOptics Communications
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Erhöhte Schwellen für die Detektion von Phasenunterschieden in musterinduzierten Flimmerfarben bei Patienten mit Glaukom

1994

BACKGROUND: Pattern-induced flicker-colors are subjective colors produced by rotating disks with black-and-white arcs. Changing the direction of rotation results in a different color. Small variations in the temporal sequence (phase differences) of the black-and-white pattern cause the colors to vary and can be perceived as color differences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the thresholds for such phase differences in healthy (n = 11) and in glaucomatous (n = 19) eyes. Acuity and color vision were tested and in patients static visual field perimetry (Octopus G1) was carried out. The disks used for producing the pattern-induced flicker-colors were viewed from a distance of 2 m and had …

Physicsmedicine.medical_specialtyVisual acuitygenetic structuresColor visionbusiness.industryFlicker fusion thresholdRetinal ganglioneye diseasesVisual fieldOphthalmologyOpticsParvocellular cellSensory thresholdOphthalmologyFixation (visual)medicinemedicine.symptombusinessKlinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde
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