Search results for "Eye"
showing 10 items of 2511 documents
Inhibitory Control for Emotional and Neutral Scenes in Competition: An Eye-Tracking Study in Bipolar Disorder
2017
This study examined the inhibitory control of attention to social scenes in manic, depressive, and euthymic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). Two scenes were simultaneously presented (happy/threatening/neutral [target] versus control). Participants were asked either to look at the emotional pictures (i.e., attend-to-emotional block) or to avoid looking at the emotional pictures (i.e., attend-to-neutral block) while their eye movements were recorded. The initial orienting (latency and percentage of first fixation) and subsequent attentional engagement (gaze duration) were computed. Manic patients showed a higher percentage of initial fixations on happy scenes than on the other scenes, regar…
Association of Low Birth Weight With Altered Corneal Geometry and Axial Length in Adulthood in the German Gutenberg Health Study
2019
IMPORTANCE: Low birth weight is associated with altered ocular organ development in childhood, including the morphology of the eye. However, no population-based data exist about this association in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether low birth weight has a long-term association with anterior segment anatomy and axial length in adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based, observational cohort study in Germany. All participants underwent ocular biometry. Among the participants with follow-up and self-reported birth weight available, associations were assessed between low birth weight and anterior segment anatomy and axial length using m…
Men with elevated testosterone levels show more affiliative behaviors during contact with women
2012
Testosterone (T) is thought to play a key role in male–male competition and courtship in many vertebrates, but its precise effects are unclear. We explored whether courtship behaviour in humans is modulated and preceded by changes in T. Pairs of healthy male students first competed in a non-physical contest in which their T levels became elevated. Each participant then had a short, informal interaction with either an unfamiliar man or woman. The sex of the stimulus person did not affect the participants' behaviour overall. However, in interactions with women, those men who had experienced a greater T increase during the contest subsequently showed more interest in the woman, engaged in more…
Structure, chromosomal localization, and brain expression of human Cx36 gene
1999
Rat connexin-36 (Cx36) is the first gap junction protein shown to be expressed predominantly in neuronal cells of the mammalian central nervous system. As a prerequisite for studies devoted to the investigation of the possible role of this connexin in human neurological diseases, we report the cloning and sequencing of the human Cx36 gene, its chromosomal localization, and its pattern of expression in the human brain analyzed by radioactive in situ hybridization. The determination of the human gene sequence revealed that the coding sequence of Cx36 is highly conserved (98% identity at the protein level with the mouse and rat Cx36 and 80% with the ortholog perch and skate Cx35), and that the…
Changes in cerebellar activation pattern during two successive sequences of saccades
2002
The changes in the cerebellar activation pattern of two successive fMRI scanning runs were determined for visually guided to‐and‐fro saccades in 12 healthy volunteers familiar with the study paradigm. Group and single subject‐analyses revealed a constant activation of the paramedian cerebellar vermis (uvula, tonsils, tuber, folium/declive), which reflects constant ocular motor activity in both runs. A significant decrease in activation of the cerebellar hemispheres found in the second run is best explained by either a decrease in attention or the effects of motor optimization and learning. The significant, systematic changes of the cerebellar activation pattern in two successive runs were n…
Intrasubject repeatability of corneal power, thickness, and wavefront aberrations with a new version of a dual rotating Scheimpflug–Placido system
2014
Purpose To determine the intrasubject repeatability of a recently introduced dual-camera rotating Scheimpflug–Placido imaging system (Galilei G4) in determining corneal thickness, power, and wavefront aberrations in young healthy subjects. Setting University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Design Prospective evaluation of diagnostic technology. Methods The study comprised right eyes of 25 subjects aged 20 to 40 years with a spherical equivalent ranging from −4.25 to +1.00 diopters. The central corneal thickness, thinnest point value and location, anterior and posterior surface curvatures, total corneal power, and corneal wavefront aberrations were measured for distance vision using the dual S…
Breathe out and learn: Expiration-contingent stimulus presentation facilitates associative learning in trace eyeblink conditioning.
2019
Rhythmic variation in heart rate and respiratory pattern are coupled in a way that optimizes the level of oxygen in the blood stream of the lungs and the body as well as saves energy in pulmonary gas exchange. It has been suggested that the cardiac cycle and respiratory pattern are coupled to neural oscillations of the brain. Yet, studies on how this rhythmic coupling is related to behavior are scarce. There is some evidence that, for example, the phase of respiration affects memory retrieval and the electrophysiological oscillatory state of the limbic system. It is also known that the phase of the cardiac cycle and hippocampal electrophysiological oscillations alone affect learning. Here, …
Myopia and Cognitive Performance: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study.
2016
Purpose To analyze the association between myopia and cognitive performance. Methods A cohort of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study included 3819 eligible enrollees between 40 and 79 years. We used the Tower of London (TOL) test to assess cognitive performance. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.5 diopters (D) via noncycloplegic autorefractometry. We conducted linear mixed models with the SE as the dependent variable and the age, sex, duration of education, and TOL score as covariates. Results Complete data were available for 3452 participants (90.4%). The mean TOL score was 14.0 ± 3.9 in the myopes versus 12.9 ± 4.0 in the nonmyopes (P < 0.001). The mean TOL sc…
k-Nearest neighbour local linear prediction of scalp EEG activity during intermittent photic stimulation
2011
The characterization of the EEG response to photic stimulation (PS) is an important issue with significant clinical relevance. This study aims to quantify and map the complexity of the EEG during PS, where complexity is measured as the degree of unpredictability resulting from local linear prediction. EEG activity was recorded with eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) during resting and PS at 5, 10, and 15. Hz in a group of 30 healthy subjects and in a case-report of a patient suffering from cerebral ischemia. The mean squared prediction error (MSPE) resulting from k-nearest neighbour local linear prediction was calculated in each condition as an index of EEG unpredictability. The linear or …
Inter-joint coordination of posture on a seesaw device
2016
Even though specific adjustments of the multi-joint control of posture have been observed when posture is challenged, multi-joint coordination on a seesaw device has never been accurately assessed. The current study was conducted in order to investigate the multi-joint coordination when subjects were standing on either a seesaw device or on a stable surface, with the eyes open or closed. Eighteen healthy active subjects were recruited. A principal component analysis and a Self-Organizing Maps analysis were performed on the joint angles in order to detect and characterize dominant coordination patterns. Intermuscular EMG coherence was analysed in order to assess the neurophysiological mechan…