Search results for "F-plane"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
Numerical modelling of out-of-plane response of infilled frames: State of the art and future challenges for the equivalent strut macromodels
2017
Abstract Infill-frame interaction constitutes a still open question both in research and in practicing engineering. Computational models used to predict this interaction are, in most cases, addressing the estimation of the response of the infilled frames when subjected to actions parallel to their plane. However, the observation of the post-earthquake damage has demonstrated that infills, weakened by the in-plane actions, may fail out-of-plane increasing the risks associated to the earthquake scenarios. In spite of this, different studies have shown that infills, if properly designed and supported by the frame, exhibit a significant strength and displacement capacity when called to resist t…
Out-of-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry infill walls: Review of the experimental studies and analysis of the influencing parameters
2021
Abstract Over the last 50 years, research has mainly focused on characterizing the In-Plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry infill walls. Recently, the focus of research has been addressed to understanding Out-of-Plane behaviour, also from the experimental point of view. However, in the experimental campaigns, there is high variability in the geometrical and mechanical properties of URM infill walls and also in the application of Out-of-Plane loads. Therefore, it is important to outline and critically evaluate the major findings obtained by experimental studies and identify research gaps to better understand the differences and the affinity of apparently equivalent tests. In this paper, t…
Out-of-plane emission of nuclear matter in Au+Au collisions between 100 and 800 AMeV
1997
We present new experimental results concerning the azimuthal distributions of proton-likes, light and intermediate mass fragments at midrapidity for Au(100-800 AMeV)+Au collisions measured with the FOPI phase-I detector at GSI in Darmstadt. The azimuthal distributions are investigated as a function of the collision centrality, the incident energy, the fragment charge and transverse momentum. The azimuthal anisotropy is maximum for impact parameters around 7 fm. Intermediate mass fragments present a stronger out-of-plane emission signal than light fragments and a saturation is reached for Z greater than or equal to 4. The azimuthal anisotropy increases with the fragment transverse momentum a…
Dirichlet approximation and universal Dirichlet series
2016
We characterize the uniform limits of Dirichlet polynomials on a right half plane. In the Dirichlet setting, we find approximation results, with respect to the Euclidean distance and {to} the chordal one as well, analogous to classical results of Runge, Mergelyan and Vitushkin. We also strengthen the notion of universal Dirichlet series.
Numerical analysis and experimental comparison on CFRP reinforced masonry walls subjected to transverse loads
2009
The out-of-plane behaviour of walls, unreinforced and reinforced by using CFRP strips, is studied by means of experimental investigation and numerical modelling. The FEM model is based on a linear constitutive law both for the ashlars and the mortar joints constituting the masonry and the lines of potential delamination are taken into account by means of an interface element with bi-linear law, reproducing the opening failure mode. When the reinforcement is introduced, an interface element with bi-linear law is also used, reproducing the sliding failure mode. Comparison between the numerical and experimental results shows the reliability of the modelling. Moreover, a parametric analysis is …
Out-of-Plane fragility of In-Plane damaged unreinforced masonry infills in low rise reinforced concrete buildings
2022
Unreinforced masonry (URM) is commonly used to make infill walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. Such infill walls are highly vulnerable to out-of-plane (OOP) seismic loading and this can result in huge economic losses and human casualties. Therefore, fragility assessment of URM infill walls under seismic loads is important in view of performing large-scale risk analysis. In this paper, OOP fragility functions are provided based on a numerical investigation supported by a macro-element model. The fragility is calculated assuming the uncertainty in the geometric and mechanical properties of infills instead of the variability in the seismic input. Further, the effect of in-plane …
OUT OF PLANE CAPACITY OF INFILLS AFTER IN PLANE LOADING: A PREDICTION ANALYTICAL MODEL
2019
Earthquakes produce on infills In-Plane (IP) and Out-Of-Plane (OOP) actions. The recent earthquakes have proved that the OOP collapse of infills is a diffused mechanism also in buildings designed to resist to seismic events in agreement to the most modern strategies. This fact makes the question arises about the safety of infills with respect OOP actions. The strong interaction between IP and OOP behaviour of infills traduces in a progressively reduction of the OOP strength. Further, only in few cases codes suggest adequate strategies to face this issue. For what above, in the paper the reduction of OOP strength because of the IP damage is studied by an extended numerical experimental campa…
Out of Plane response of Unreinforced Masonry infills: Comparative analysis of experimental tests for the definition of strategies of macro modelling…
2022
During an earthquake, an interaction between the in-plane and out-of-plane seismic forces occurs and the infilled frames suffer damage in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions simultaneously. Particularly, the out-of-plane collapse of unreinforced masonry infill walls is critical even for new buildings complying with the modern seismic codes, resulting in high casualties and huge economic losses. However, the out-of-plane behaviour of infill walls is yet not fully understood. This study is therefore aimed towards characterizing the out-of-plane seismic capacity of unreinforced masonry infill walls. First of all, available out-of-plane experimental tests performed on unreinforced masonry…
A Unified Perspective on the Dynamics of Axisymmetric Hurricanes and Monsoons
2006
Abstract This paper provides a unified perspective on the dynamics of hurricane- and monsoonlike vortices by identifying them as specific limiting cases of a more general flow system. This more general system is defined as stationary axisymmetric balanced flow of a stably stratified non-Boussinesq atmosphere on the f plane. The model is based on the primitive equations assuming gradient wind balance in the radial momentum equation. The flow is forced by heating in the vortex center, which is implemented as relaxation toward a specified equilibrium temperature Te. The flow is dissipated through surface friction, and it is assumed to be almost inviscid in the interior. The heating is assumed …
Residual out-of-plane capacity of infills damaged by in-plane cyclic loads
2020
Abstract During earthquakes, infills are subjected to In-Plane (IP) and Out-Of-Plane (OOP) actions. In the case of strong earthquakes, infills may progressively change their mechanical behavior resulting in a reduction of IP and OOP stiffness and strength. Recent earthquakes have proved that the OOP collapse of infills is a diffused mechanism also for buildings designed to resist seismic events in agreement to the most modern codes. This is potentially a very dangerous event with risk for human health. The strong interaction between IP and OOP behavior of infills traduces in a progressive reduction of the OOP strength. The IP damaging loads may cause a loss of the OOP capacity not predicted…