Search results for "FAT"
showing 10 items of 4644 documents
Ruegeria denitrificans sp. nov., a marine bacterium in the family Rhodobacteraceae with the potential ability for cyanophycin synthesis.
2018
Strain CECT 5091T, an aerobic, marine, Gram-reaction- and Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacterium was isolated from oysters harvested off the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain within the genus Ruegeria , in the family Rhodobacteraceae , with 16S rRNA gene similarities of 98.7, 98.7 and 98.4 % to Ruegeria conchae , Ruegeria atlantica and Ruegeria arenilitoris , respectively. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) were determined, comparing the genome sequence of CECT 5091T with those of the type strains of 12 species of the genus Ruegeria : the values obtained were always below the thresholds…
Marinomonas spartinae sp. nov., a novel species with plant-beneficial properties.
2016
Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, aerobic and halophilic gammaproteobacteria, isolated from within the stem and roots of Spartina maritima in salt marshes from the south Atlantic Spanish coast, were found to represent a novel species in the genus Marinomonas through phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA genes and phenotypic characterization. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains shared < 96.2 % similarity with other Marinomonas species, with Marimonas alcarazii being the most similar in sequence. They required sodium ions for growth, were able to thrive at low (4 °C) temperatures and at salinities of 12–15 %, were unable to hydrolyse any tested macromolecule ex…
Marinomonas blandensis sp. nov., a novel marine gammaproteobacterium.
2016
A novel Gram-staining-negative, chemoorganotrophic, moderately halophilic, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain MED121T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected at the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, retrieved from the whole-genome sequence, showed that this bacterium was most closely related to Marinomonas dokdonensis and other Marinomonas species (96.3 and 93.3–95.7 % sequence similarities, respectively), within the family Oceanospirillaceae . Strain MED121T was included into a whole-genome sequencing study and, subsequently, it was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. It was found to be o…
Intra-neuronal Competition for Synaptic Partners Conserves the Amount of Dendritic Building Material
2017
Brain development requires correct targeting of multiple thousand synaptic terminals onto staggeringly complex dendritic arbors. The mechanisms by which input synapse numbers are matched to dendrite size, and by which synaptic inputs from different transmitter systems are correctly partitioned onto a postsynaptic arbor, are incompletely understood. By combining quantitative neuroanatomy with targeted genetic manipulation of synaptic input to an identified Drosophila neuron, we show that synaptic inputs of two different transmitter classes locally direct dendrite growth in a competitive manner. During development, the relative amounts of GABAergic and cholinergic synaptic drive shift dendrit…
Chemical Proteomic Analysis of Serine Hydrolase Activity in Niemann-Pick Type C Mouse Brain
2018
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is considered to be an endogenous protective system in various neurodegenerative diseases. Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the role of the ECS has not been studied yet. Most of the endocannabinoid enzymes are serine hydrolases, which can be studied using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). Here, we report the serine hydrolase activity in brain proteomes of a NPC mouse model as measured by ABPP. Two ABPP methods are used: a gel-based method and a chemical proteomics method. The activities of the following endocannabinoid enzymes were quantified: diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) α, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 4, α…
AISF position paper on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Updates and future directions
2017
Abstract This review summarizes our current understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a multi-factorial systemic disease resulting from a complex interaction between a specific genetic background and multiple environmental/metabolic “hits”. The role of gut microbiota, lipotoxicity, inflammation and their molecular pathways is reviewed in-depth. We also discuss the epidemiology and natural history of NAFLD by pinpointing the remarkably high prevalence of NAFLD worldwide and its inherent systemic complications: hepatic (steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis), cardio-metabolic (cardiovascular disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and type 2 diabetes) and neoplastic (…
Bioaccessibility study of plant sterol-enriched fermented milks.
2015
The bioaccessibility (BA) of total and individual plant sterols (PS) of four commercial PS-enriched fermented milk beverages (designated as A to D) was evaluated using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion including the formation of mixed micelles. The fat content of the samples ranged from 1.1 to 2.2% (w/w), and PS enrichment was between 1.5 and 2.9% (w/w). β-Sitosterol, contained in all samples, was higher in samples A and B (around 80% of total PS). The campesterol content was C (22%) > A (7%) > B (5%). Sitostanol was the most abundant in sample D (85%). Stigmasterol was only present in sample C (33%). The greatest BA percentage for total PS corresponded to samples A and B (16–17%), follow…
Advantageous use of HepaRG cells for the screening and mechanistic study of drug-induced steatosis
2016
Only a few in vitro assays have been proposed to evaluate the steatotic potential of new drugs. The present study examines the utility of HepaRG cells as a cell-based assay system for screening drug-induced liver steatosis. A high-content screening assay was run to evaluate multiple toxicity-related cell parameters in HepaRG cells exposed to 28 compounds, including drugs reported to cause steatosis through different mechanisms and non-steatotic compounds. Lipid content was the most sensitive parameter for all the steatotic drugs, whereas no effects on lipid levels were produced by non-steatotic compounds. Apart from fat accumulation, increased ROS production and altered mitochondrial membra…
New microRNA Biomarkers for Drug-Induced Steatosis and Their Potential to Predict the Contribution of Drugs to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2017
Background and Aims: Drug-induced steatosis is a major reason for drug failure in clinical trials and post-marketing withdrawal; and therefore, predictive biomarkers are essential. These could be particularly relevant in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where most patients show features of the metabolic syndrome and are prescribed with combined chronic therapies, which can contribute to fatty liver. However, specific biomarkers to assess the contribution of drugs to NAFLD are lacking. We aimed to find microRNAs (miRNAs) responsive to steatotic drugs and to investigate if they could become circulating biomarkers for drug induced steatosis. Methods: Human HepG2 cells were treated wi…
A Multi-Parametric Fluorescent Assay for the Screening and Mechanistic Study of Drug-Induced Steatosis in Liver Cells in Culture.
2017
Human hepatic cells have been used for drug safety risk evaluations throughout early development phases. They provide rapid, cost-effective early feedback to identify drug candidates with potential hepatotoxicity. This unit presents a cell-based assay to evaluate the risk of liver damage associated with steatogenic drugs. Detailed protocols for cell exposure to test compounds and for the assessment of steatosis-related cell parameters (intracellular lipid content, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial impairment, and cell death) are provided. A few representative results that illustrate the utility of this procedure for the screening of drug-induced steatosis are shown. © 2017 b…