Search results for "FATE"
showing 10 items of 765 documents
STAT3 links IL-22 signaling in intestinal epithelial cells to mucosal wound healing.
2009
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor with important functions in cytokine signaling in a variety of tissues. However, the role of STAT3 in the intestinal epithelium is not well understood. We demonstrate that development of colonic inflammation is associated with the induction of STAT3 activity in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Studies in genetically engineered mice showed that epithelial STAT3 activation in dextran sodium sulfate colitis is dependent on interleukin (IL)-22 rather than IL-6. IL-22 was secreted by colonic CD11c+ cells in response to Toll-like receptor stimulation. Conditional knockout mice with an IEC-specific d…
Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of ellagic acid in the acute and chronic dextrane sulfate sodium models of mice colitis.
2013
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.; Lythraceae) has traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Because its fruits and extracts are rich in ellagitannins, which release ellagic acid when hydrolyzed, consumption of pomegranate products is currently being widely promoted for their potential health effects, including the prevention of inflammatory diseases and cancer. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in two different strains of mice and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. Mater…
Chiral Inversion of 1-Hydroxyethylpyrene Enantiomers Mediated by Enantioselective Sulfotransferases
1998
The benzylic alcohol 1-hydroxyethylpyrene (1-HEP) is activated to a mutagen by sulfotransferases. The sulfuric acid ester formed is difficult to detect, as it is rapidly hydrolysed back to the alcohol. Incubation of the individual enantiomers of 1-HEP with human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (hHST) or estrogen sulfotransferase (hEST), expressed in bacteria, led to the formation of the other enantiomer. The rates of sulfation were determined from the initial rates of chiral inversion of the alcohol, knowing that hydrolysis follows an SN1 mechanism and therefore produces racemic alcohol. hEST showed high enantioselectivity for S-1-HEP, whereas hHST strongly preferred the R-enantiomer. The r…
The pre-vascularisation of a collagen-chondroitin sulphate scaffold using human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells to enhance and stabilise endothelia…
2015
Abstract A major problem in tissue engineering (TE) is graft failure in vivo due to core degradation in in vitro engineered constructs designed to regenerate thick tissues such as bone. The integration of constructs post-implantation relies on the rapid formation of functional vasculature. A recent approach to overcome core degradation focuses on the creation of cell-based, pre-engineered vasculature formed within the TE construct in vitro , prior to implantation in vivo . The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether an amniotic fluid-derived stem cell (AFSC)–human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture could be used to engineer in vitro vasculature in a collag…
Dissection of C1q Capability of Interacting with IgG
1997
Abstract C1q-bearing immune complexes have been observed in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and human immunodeficiency virus infection-associated neuropathy. For the purpose of understanding better the phenomenon of C1q-bearing immune complexes, we investigated the constancy of the C1q-IgG interaction. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed in which wells were coated with IgG to mimic antigen-complexed IgG. Serial dilutions of C1q were applied for distinct time intervals, and bound C1q was detected either directly or after exposure to one of several elution buffers. Our results show that a part of C1q attached to IgG forms a tight association that is not reversible under t…
Cellulose Nanocrystals from Lignocellulosic Raw Materials
2017
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are unique, renewable top-down nano particles from which coatings with improved gas barrier properties and new functionalities can be prepared. In this paper, the potential for obtaining such high performing nanocrystals from low-cost lignocellulosic by-products or raw materials is proved by a comparison study on CNCs obtained both from cotton linters and kraft pulp, by means of the ammonium persulfate (APS) process. Morphological and chemical characterization of the nanocrystals obtained, as well as the main functional properties of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) coated films, showed quite similar characteristics and performances of CNCs obtained from pure c…
Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on stress response in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis): Regulatory volumedecrease (Rvd) an…
2014
In this study the effects of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), are assessed on the Mediterranean mussel (. Mytilus galloprovincialis), exposed for 18 days at a concentration ranging from 0.1. mg/l to 1. mg/l. The effects are monitored using biomarkers related to stress response, such as regulatory volume decrease (RVD), and to oxidative stress, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), endogenous antioxidant systems and Hsp70 levels. The results demonstrate that cells from the digestive gland of M. galloprovincialis, exposed to SDS were not able to perform the RVD owing to osmotic stress. Further, SDS causes oxidative stress in treated organisms, as demonstrated by the incre…
Potentially harmfull elements accumulation in fumarolic alteration products at three hydrothermal systems of Greece
2018
Samples of efflorescences and encrustations of hydrothermal origin have been collected at three fumarolic areas in Greece. The three sites are Sousaki, Thiafi (Methana) and Kokkino Nero (Kos) and all belong to the South Aegean Active Volcanic Arc. Samples were analysed for their mineralogical (XRD and SEM-EDS) and chemical composition. Solutions obtained from both mineralization with HNO3 and leaching with distilled water, were analysed for major (ICP-OES), minor and trace metals (ICP-MS) and for sulfate contents (IC). Results show that their composition is mainly controlled by the petrological composition of the substrate (ultramafic rocks at Sousaki, felsic volcanic rocks at Methana and l…
Secondary Minerals From Italian Sulfuric Acid Caves
2017
Italy is a country hosting a large number of hypogenic sulfuric acid (SAS) speleogenesis caves, mostly located along the Apennine chain, but also in Campania (along the coastline of Capo Palinuro), Apulia (along the coastline of Santa Cesarea Terme) and Sicily. Besides the typical morphologies related to their special geochemical origin (cupolas, replacement pockets, bubble trails, etc), these caves often host abundant secondary mineral deposits, mainly gypsum, being the result of the interaction between the sulfuric acid and the carbonate host rock. Native sulfur deposits are also well visible on the ceiling and roof, and peculiar sulfuric acid minerals such as jarosite, alunite, and other…
Economical aspects, toxicity, and environmental fate of cerium oxide
2020
Abstract The present chapter reports some economical aspects of the cerium oxide market. Porter’s and PESTEL analyses have been used to evidence the strengths and weaknesses of the ceria market, along with the potentiality and opportunities within the years to come. The wide use of CeO2 nanoparticles in many applications requires to consider also issues related to their toxicity and environmental fate. In this regard, some contradictory reports in the relevant literature have been surveyed, thus highlighting the need for further and detailed investigation on these topics in order to propose effective strategies of risk assessment and environmental remediation.