Search results for "FATTY ACID"

Nereida ignava gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel aerobic marine alpha-proteobacterium that is closely related to uncultured Prionitis (alga) gall symbiont…

2005

A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, non-pigmented, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from Mediterranean sea water off the Spanish coast near Valencia. This strain was poorly reactive, being unable to grow in most carbon sources analysed in minimal medium. However, good growth was observed when more complex media and longer incubation times were used. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 2SM4T within the Roseobacter group, in the vicinity of uncultured bacteria described as gall symbionts of several species of the red alga Prionitis. Sequence similarity values between strain 2SM4T and the closest neighbouring spec…

Compositional and morphological analyses of wax in northern wild berry species.

2019

Accepted manuscript version, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Aerial surfaces of plants are covered by a waxy cuticle protecting plants from excessive water loss and UV light. In the present study, composition and morphology of cuticular waxes of northern wild berry species bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea L.), bog bilberry (V. uliginosum L.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences in epicuticular wax morphology, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis confirmed variation in chemical composition of cuticular waxes between the berry species. The dominant compounds in bilberry and li…

Lipid profiling following intake of the Omega 3 fatty acid DHA identifies the peroxidized metabolites F-4-Neuroprostanes as the best predictors of at…

2014

International audience; The anti-atherogenic effects of omega 3 fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) are well recognized but the impact of dietary intake on bioactive lipid mediat or profiles remains unclear. Such a profiling effort may offer novel targets for future studies into the mechanism of action of omega 3 fatty acids. The present study aimed to determine the impact of DHA supplementation on the profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) oxygenated metabolites and to investigate their contribution to therosclerosis prevention. A special emphasis was given to the non-enzymatic metabolites knowing the high susceptibility of DHA to free radical…

Cell signaling mechanisms of oro-gustatory detection of dietary fat: Advances and challenges

2013

CD36 and two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), i.e., GPR120 and GPR40, have been implicated in the gustatory perception of dietary fats in rodents. These glycoproteins are coupled to increases in free intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations, [Ca²⁺](i), during their activation by dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). The transient receptor potential type M5 (TRPM5) channel, activated by [Ca²⁺](i), participates in downstream signaling in taste bud cells (TBC). The mice, knocked-out for expression of CD36, GPR120, GPR40 or TRPM5 have a reduced spontaneous preference for fat. The delayed rectifying K⁺ (DRK) channels believed to lie downstream of these receptors are also important players in fat ta…

impact of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the physiology of the peripheral olfactory system in young mice

2021

Abstract : Olfaction plays a major role in the detection of volatile chemical signals present in the environment and triggers behaviors such as food intake, social interactions or danger avoidance. Recent studies suggested that nutritional and metabolic status of individuals may influence their olfactory capacities. Olfactory disorders have been observed in people with pathologies such as obesity and diabetes as well as in rodents exposed to obesogenic or diabetogenic diets. The physiological mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions are not known. One hypothesis is that a nutritional imbalance in lipids might alter the functioning of the peripheral olfactory system. In this context, the obj…

Myosin heavy chain isoforms, fatty acid composition, sensory evaluation and quality of cinta senese pig meat

2018

The aims of this study were to examine the effects of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms on Cinta Senese meat and sensory quality. The research was carried out on 65 pigs and muscle samples characteristics such as MHC isoform, meat quality, fatty acid composition, and sensory were evaluated. The results demonstrated that MHC slow isoform content was significantly correlated with pH24h (r=0.25, P<0.05) and drip loss (r=-0.31, P<0.005), whereas the content of MHC isoforms was only weakly correlated with fatty acids. Sensory evaluation was done by a trained panel test and the results shown that the MHC fast/slow ratio was correlated with the juiciness (r=-0.32, P<0.005), off-flavor (r=0.33, P<0…

Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis

2015

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that eventually may lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response. A key event in pancreatic damage is the intracellular activation of NF-κB and zymogens, involving also calcium, cathepsins, pH disorders, autophagy, and cell death, particularly necrosis. This review focuses on the new role of redox signaling in acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress and redox status are involved in the onset of acute pancreatitis and also in the development of the systemic inflammatory response, being glutathione depletion, xanthine oxidase activation, and thiol oxidation in proteins critical features of the disease in the pancreas. On th…

Tubular markers do not predict the decline in glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy.

2011

Recent studies have shown that both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage are important factors in the pathophysiology and progression of diabetic nephropathy. To examine whether markers of tubular damage are useful in monitoring the progression of disease, we measured urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in a 3-year intervention study of 63 type 1 diabetic patients with kidney disease. The baseline mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 87 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and urinary albumin excretion 1141 mg/24 h. Patients with the highest compared with the lowest quartile of urinary N…

2015

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for animals and necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system. A lack of PUFAs can result from the consumption of a deficient diet or genetic factors, which impact PUFA uptake and metabolism. Both can cause synaptic dysfunction, which is associated with numerous disorders. However, there is a knowledge gap linking these neuronal dysfunctions and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Because of its genetic manipulability and its easy, fast, and cheap breeding, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an excellent model organism for genetic screens, helping to identify the genetic bases of such events. As a first step tow…

DifferingDaphnia magnaassimilation efficiencies for terrestrial, bacterial, and algal carbon and fatty acids

2014

There is considerable interest in the pathways by which carbon and growth-limiting elemental and biochemical nutrients are supplied to upper trophic levels. Fatty acids and sterols are among the most important molecules transferred across the plant-animal interface of food webs. In lake ecosystems, in addition to phytoplankton, bacteria and terrestrial organic matter are potential trophic resources for zooplankton, especially in those receiving high terrestrial organic matter inputs. We therefore tested carbon, nitrogen, and fatty acid assimilation by the crustacean Daphnia magna when consuming these resources. We fed Daphnia with monospecific diets of high-quality (Cryptomonas marssonii) a…