Search results for "FEA"
showing 10 items of 4862 documents
Analysis of Conflict Datasets and Indicators: The Case of the “Arab Spring”
2017
This chapter contains an analysis of selected indicators of legitimacy, human rights and inequality, as well as information about conflict events for eight African countries affected by the Arab Spring, namely Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia. The analyses described in this chapter allowed the determination of plausible estimates for input parameters such as legitimacy and welfare inequality, as well as patterns of size, duration and recurrence of conflict events in these countries. These results were used for setting the values of the input parameters, and for analyzing the plausibility of the solutions in the exploration of the agent-based model describ…
South China Sea or West Philippine Sea?
2017
The South China Sea (“West Philippine Sea”) has been for several years a space of potential conflict between several countries due to overlapping of their EEZs and China’s claim of a large part of this oceanic space, well beyond its UN-endorsed EEZ. The Spratly islets and Scarborough shoal are mere coral reefs, uninhabited for the most part, but they lie in the middle of rich fishing grounds and atop large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Furthermore, the area is one of the world’s busiest sea lanes for commercial navigation. This chapter presents the general rules of UNCLOS (international laws pertaining to oceanic space), and then examines the competing claims, focusing on the China…
Vertical distribution and rotifer concentrations in the chemocline of meromictic lakes
1983
The vertical distribution of planktonic rotifers has been analysed in relation to season in several meromictic lakes; a coastal lagoon with sea-water intrusion and three dissolution lakes from two karstic systems. Two species, Filinia hofmanni and a form of Anuraeopsis fissa have been found to be more or less restricted to the chemocline or adjacent strata any time they occurred. Many species common in the upper water layers developed large populations near or in the chemocline and more strikingly in summer. Some species had two vertical maxima (one in the surface or the thermocline and another near the chemocline), while others successively shifted their maxima between the upper layers and…
Rapid conversion of elastic energy into plastic shear heating during incipient necking of the lithosphere
1998
An important and novel mechanism for ductile failure of the lithosphere is identified here, which is intrinsic to the thermal-mechanical feedback in a temperature dependent plastic body with coupled elastic fields. Both a temperature-dependent power-law visco-elasto-plastic rheology and a temperature-dependent elasto-plastic rheology are employed to study in a self-consistent fashion the deformation of the lithosphere subject to extension by means of a two-dimensional, finite-element code. A structural perturbation initially localizes elasto-plastic deformation only in its immediate vicinity. However, after 800,000 years have elapsed the localized zone of deformation takes off in a ‘crack-l…
The Body Size of Headstarted and Wild Juvenile European Pond Turtles (<i>Emys orbicularis</i>)
2017
Headstarting is a popular conservation technique in which animals are raised under artificial conditions, and then released into natural habitat. The objective of this procedure is to grow animals to a size at which they are less vulnerable to predators. However, there is still little empirical evidence for the long-term effectiveness of the technique. Therefore, we compared body size of juvenile «wild» (= not taken to artificial rearing) and headstarted European pond turtles ( Emys orbicularis ), from two populations (in central and western Poland). Immediately after hatching there were no differences in size of the turtles, but after seven-ten years headstarted turtles were smaller. This …
Evidence from zircon dating for existence of approximately 2.1 Ga old crystalline basement in southern Bohemia, Czech Republic
1993
Zircon ages are reported for three Moldanubian amphibolite grade orthogneisses from the southern Bohemian Massif obtained by conventional U/Pb analyses. For two of these orthogneisses, conventional U/Pb data are supported by ion microprobe single zircon ages or single grain evaporation data. The amphibolite grade orthogneisses, occurring in three small tectonic lenses within the Varied Group close to the South Bohemian Main Thrust, are of tonalitic, granodioritic or quartz dioritic composition.
3D Numerical Modelling of Salt Tectonics
2017
Summary Many factors have been suggested to affect the development of salt structures, including sedimentation, brittle sediment deformation, multiple tectonic events and basement topography. To unravel the relative importance of these processes, we performed high resolution 2D and 3D thermo-mechanical simulations that take these factors into account, while incorporating nonlinear salt creep laws and visco-elasto-plastic rock properties. Simulations show that the sedimentation rate affects both the speed with which structures form, and the spacing between the salt structures, which is larger for higher rates. Consistent with earlier sandbox experiments, we find that there is a feedback betw…
Application and evaluation of biomagnetic and biochemical monitoring of the dispersion and deposition of volcanically-derived particles at Mt. Etna, …
2010
article i nfo Article history: Received 6 August 2009 Accepted 4 January 2010 Available online xxxx Biomagnetic monitoring, using tree leaves as passive surfaces for particle collection, has been shown to be a promising technique for assessing the dispersion and deposition of particles in the context of anthropogenic pollution. By comparing leaves' magnetic properties with trace metal levels measured in the leaves, we here assess the utility of the biomagnetic technique as a sensitive, fast and inexpensive method for assessment of volcanic plume deposition. Samples of sweet chestnut leaves (Castanea sativa) were collected from the area surrounding Mt. Etna volcano in Sicily during the 2008 …
The Deposition of Aerosol Particles in a Forest Using an Atmospheric Residence Time Model
1989
Usually forests are expected to act as a “filter” for aerosols. This term and the interpretation of earlier observations triggered the thoughts and calculations of this paper. The results indicate that the forest better should be termed “sink” rather then “filter”. The efficiency of a forest to remove particles from the air most probably is caused by the time the aerosol spends in the forest to settle and coagulate. The value of a forest for unpolluted air to the community stems from the fact that on the location of a forest, no polluter is existing. Based on a residence time model of the atmosphere, a model for the forest is developed and compared with published results.
Evaporite karst in Sicily
2007
Karst areas are distributed over most of Sicily. The most widespread karst rocks are carbonates, particularly limestones, but karst phenomena can also be seen in evaporites and particularly in salt mines. This report provides an overview of evaporite karst in Sicily, along with a “case history” that shows some of the evaporite karst risks to the environment. In the centre and south of Sicily, a thick sequence of Messinian evaporite rocks are subject to dissolution from meteoric and formation waters. In areas where potassium salts and rock salts are being mined, some geomorphologic changes result from the drilling of boreholes and the collapse of underground mines, thus lowering or collapsin…