Search results for "FINE"
showing 10 items of 1800 documents
Tetrahedral versus octahedral Mn site coordination in wurtzite and rocksalt Zn1−xMnxO investigated by means of XAS experiments under high pressure
2007
Abstract We present the results of x-ray absorption measurements carried out in Zn 1− x Mn x O thin films under high pressure. The Mn environment remains essentially the same for nominal Mn concentrations given by x = 0.05 , 0.1, 0.15 and 0.25. Both the XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) indicate that Mn occupies the Zn site, being surrounded by four oxygen atoms at 2.02±0.01 A. The substitutional hypothesis is reinforced by comparing the differences between the ambient (wurtzite) and high pressure (rocksalt) spectra, which correspond to tetrahedral and octahedral Mn environments.
Spin crossover (SCO) iron(II) coordination polymer chain: Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterizations of [Fe(abpt)2(μ-M(CN)4)] (M=PtII and N…
2013
Abstract New iron(II) coordination polymeric neutral chain of formula [Fe(abpt) 2 (μ-M(CN) 4 )], with M = Pt II ( 1 ), Ni II ( 2 ) and abpt = 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The two compounds are isostructural as deduced from a Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data of 2 simulated from the single crystal structure of 1 . The crystal packing of 1 is formed by regular chains running along the crystallographic [−1 0 1] direction where the planar [Pt(CN) 4 ] 2− anion acts as a μ 2 -bridging ligand via two nitrogen atoms of two different trans cyano groups, whi…
A Plot-scale uncertainty analysis of saturated hydraulic conductivity of a clay soil
2021
Abstract Simulating soil hydrological processes at the plot or field scale requires using spatially representative values of the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks. Sampling campaigns should yield a reliable mean of Ks with a sustainable workload since measuring Ks at many points is challenging. Uncertainty analysis can be used to determine the lowest number of measurements that yield a mean Ks value with a specified accuracy level. Potential and limitations of this analysis were tested in this investigation for different extents of the sampled area and sampling densities. A clay soil was sampled intensively on two plots (plot area = 44 m2), two dates and using both small (0.15 m in …
Personal Exposure to Ultrafine Particles According to Different Environments and Modes of Transport in Schoolchildren: Results from a Spanish Cohort …
2017
Background Combustion, especially in diesel engines, emits a complex mixture of gases and particles that could be harmful for the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Daily personal exposure to the smallest particulate matter (less than 0.1 µm and usually called nanoparticles or ultrafine particles – UFP) has been studied to a lesser extent compared to coarser particles. In this study we aim to assess personal exposure to UFP in different environments and transport modes among schoolchildren from a Spanish birth-cohort in the province of Valencia. Methods The study population consisted of 114 children aged 10-11 years. For each of them, personal exposure to UFP was measured continuously …
Winter climate signal in boreal clastic-biogenic varves : a comprehensive analysis of three varved records from 1890 to 1990 AD with meteorological a…
2017
Clastic-biogenic varves are widely used for reconstructing past climate: in boreal environments, the accumulation of minerogenic clasts on the lake floor is generally considered a proxy for past variations in spring floods reflecting previous winter conditions. However, the physical mechanisms behind this winter climate sensitivity and the influence of catchment type on the varve formation are not fully investigated. Here, we present a winter climate record inferred from the clastic laminae of three lakes located on the region of fine-grained tills in Eastern Finland spanning from AD 1890 to 1990. The minerogenic varve data are compared with instrumental meteorological and hydrological time…
Transcriptome analysis of the Populus trichocarpa–Rhizophagus irregularis Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Regulation of Plant and Fungal Transportomes under N…
2017
Nutrient transfer is a key feature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Valuable mineral nutrients are transferred from the AM fungus to the plant, increasing its fitness and productivity, and, in exchange, the AM fungus receives carbohydrates as an energy source from the plant. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of the Populus trichocarpa-Rhizophagus irregularis symbiosis using RNA-sequencing of non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal fine roots, with a focus on the effect of nitrogen (N) starvation. In R. irregularis, we identified 1,015 differentially expressed genes, whereby N starvation led to a general induction of gene expression. Genes of the functional classes of cell growth, memb…
Benchmark database for fine-grained image classification of benthic macroinvertebrates
2018
Managing the water quality of freshwaters is a crucial task worldwide. One of the most used methods to biomonitor water quality is to sample benthic macroinvertebrate communities, in particular to examine the presence and proportion of certain species. This paper presents a benchmark database for automatic visual classification methods to evaluate their ability for distinguishing visually similar categories of aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa. We make publicly available a new database, containing 64 types of freshwater macroinvertebrates, ranging in number of images per category from 7 to 577. The database is divided into three datasets, varying in number of categories (64, 29, and 9 categori…
Fine‐grain beta diversity of Palaearctic grassland vegetation
2021
QUESTIONS: Which environmental factors influence fine-grain beta diversity of vegetation and do they vary among taxonomic groups? LOCATION: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. METHODS: We extracted 4,654 nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes between 0.0001 m² and 1,024 m² from the GrassPlot database, covering a wide range of different grassland and other open habitat types. We derived extensive environmental and structural information for these series. For each series and four taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, all), we calculated the slope parameter (z-value) of the power law species–area relationship (SAR), as a beta diversity measure. We tested whe…
MAB2.0 project: Integrating algae production into wastewater treatment
2018
Abstract Different species of microalgae are highly efficient in removing nutrients from wastewater streams and are able to grow using flue gas as a CO2 source. These features indicate that application of microalgae has a promising outlook in wastewater treatment. However, practical aspects and process of integration of algae cultivation into an existing wastewater treatment line have not been investigated. The Climate-KIC co-funded Microalgae Biorefinery 2.0 project developed and demonstrated this integration process through a case study. The purpose of this paper is to introduce this process by phases and protocols, as well as report on the challenges and bottlenecks identified in the cas…
Combustion Properties of Birch (Betula pendula) Black Liquors From Sulfur-Free Pulping
2016
Sulfur-free pulping has an environmental advantage over the traditional kraft process. This article describes the combustion properties of the black liquors produced from silver birch (Betula pendula) sawdust using three different cooking processes: two sulfur-free cooks (soda-anthraquinone and oxygen-alkali), and one reference kraft cook. It also considers the corresponding black liquors from an integrated forest biorefinery, in which a hot-water pretreatment of feedstock was performed prior to pulping. With the same cooking time, the total burning times for the sulfur-free black liquors were higher (15–55%) than those for the conventional kraft black liquors. However, no significant diffe…