Search results for "FINLAND"
showing 10 items of 1724 documents
Positive Teacher Affect and Maternal Support Facilitate Adjustment After the Transition to First Grade
2016
This longitudinal study, conducted among a sample of Finnish primary-school children, examined the proposition that a single high-quality relationship (either with a teacher or a parent) can buffer against adjustment problems. Teachers rated the externalizing problems and prosocial behaviors of 378 children in Grade 1 and again in Grade 2. Relationship measures gathered in Grade 1 included teacher reports of positive affect for the child and mother reports of support for the child. The results supported our proposition by showing that for child adjustment after the transition to primary school it was critical to have at least one high-quality relationship either with a teacher or a parent. …
Reading development subtypes and their early characteristics.
2007
The present findings are drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia (JLD), in which approximately 100 children with familial risk of dyslexia and 100 control children have been followed from birth. In this paper we report data on the reading development of the JLD children and their classmates, a total of 1,750 children from four measurement points during the first two school years. In the total sample, we examined whether heterogeneous developmental paths can be identified based on profiles of word recognition and reading comprehension. Secondly, we studied what kind of early language and literacy skill profiles and reading experiences characterize the children with differing …
Suspected motor problems and low preference for active play in childhood are associated with physical inactivity and low fitness in adolescence.
2011
Background This prospective longitudinal study investigates whether suspected motor problems and low preference for active play in childhood are associated with physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence. Methodology/Principal Findings The study sample consisted of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986) composed of 5,767 children whose parents responded to a postal inquiry concerning their children's motor skills at age 8 years and who themselves reported their physical activity at age 16 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a cycle ergometer test at age 16 years. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the level o…
National context and teacher characteristics : Exploring the critical non-cognitive attributes of novice teachers in four countries
2018
The purpose of this article was to examine what education professionals in four countries (England, Finland, Malawi, and Oman) deemed as the critical (i.e., most important for effective teaching) non-cognitive attributes of novice teachers. Results from an iterative comparative case study showed that participants consistently judged certain attributes of novice teachers as critical, i.e., empathy, organization, and resilience. However, there was also differential importance placed on teachers’ relationships with the community, reflecting theorized cultural differences. The findings provide new insight into how national and cultural context are associated with the perceptions of the critical…
ENDEMIC HANTAVIRUS INFECTION IMPAIRS THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF ITS RODENT HOST
2007
The influence of pathogens on host fitness is one of the key questions in infection ecology. Hantaviruses have coevolved with their hosts and are generally thought to have little or no effect on host survival or reproduction. We examined the effect of Puumala virus (PUUV) infection on the winter survival of bank voles (Myodes glareolus), the host of this virus. The data were collected by monitoring 22 islands over three consecutive winters (a total of 55 island populations) in an endemic area of central Finland. We show that PUUV infected bank voles had a significantly lower overwinter survival probability than antibody negative bank voles. Antibody negative female bank voles from low-densi…
Radial and peripheral clines in northern polymorphic populations of Philaenus spumarius
2009
Geographic variability in the colour polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (Homoptera) was investigated in the northern parts of Finland, Norway and Sweden. The investigation was directed mainly at peripheral populations south of the Baltic—Arctic divide. The colour phenotypes were found to differ in their “north tolerance”. The phenotypes typ (pt/pt) and lat (pt/pt) were the most, and the phenotype tri (pt/pT) the least tolerant to marginal conditions. Differences in “north tolerance” between the phenotypes cause radial clines to be present in allele frequencies. The radial clines may be caused by the combined effect of several different factors. These include shortness of the thermal growth…
The founder principle, founder selection, and evolutionary divergence and convergence in natural populations of Philaenus
2009
Parts of the archipelago of the Baltic Sea are rising above the water level at a steady, slow rate. Plant species appear on the emerging islands in a definite order, and an early stage and a late stage can be distinguished in the development of meadows on the islands. In 1969–1973 four populations of Philaenus spumarius living in meadows at the early stage had widely different frequencies of the alleles determining colour polymorphism. In the same years three Philaenus populations living on islands with meadows at the late stage had closely similar allele frequencies. The differences between the Philaenus populations in the early stage meadows are ascribed partly to the founder principle an…
Food provisioning alters infection dynamics in populations of a wild rodent
2015
While pathogens are often assumed to limit the growth of wildlife populations, experimental evidence for their effects is rare. A lack of food resources has been suggested to enhance the negative effects of pathogen infection on host populations, but this theory has received little investigation. We conducted a replicated two-factor enclosure experiment, with introduction of the bacteriumBordetella bronchisepticaand food supplementation, to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of pathogen infection and food availability on vole populations during a boreal winter. We show that prior to bacteria introduction, vole populations were limited by food availability.Bordetella bronchisept…
Sexual and postmating reproductive isolation between allopatric Drosophila montana populations suggest speciation potential
2011
This work was funded by a European Commission Research Training Grant RTN2-2001-00049, the Centre of Excellence for Evolutionary Research at the University of Jyväskylä and a Marie Curie Initial Training Network, ‘Understanding the evolutionary origin of biological diversity’ (ITN-2008-213780 SPECIATION) Background: Widely distributed species with populations adapted to different environmental conditions can provide valuable opportunities for tracing the onset of reproductive incompatibilities and their role in the speciation process. Drosophila montana, a D. virilis group species found in high latitude boreal forests in Nearctic and Palearctic regions around the globe, could be an excellen…
Associations of overweight and metabolic health with successful aging: 32-year follow-up of the Helsinki Businessmen Study
2020
Background & aims: Prognostic significance of metabolically healthy overweight and obesity (MHO) is under debate. However the relationship between MHO and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is less studied. We compared successful aging (longevity plus HRQoL) in men with MHO, metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN) and metabolically unhealthy overweight and obesity (MUO). Methods: In the Helsinki Businessmen Study longitudinal cohort, consisting of men born 1919 to 1934. In 1985/86, overweight (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)) and metabolic health were determined in 1309 men (median age 60 years). HRQoL was assessed using RAND-36/SF-36 in 2000 and 2007, and all-cause mortality retrieved from registe…