Search results for "FORCE"

Condicionamiento de preferencia de lugar: un modelo animal para evaluar las propiedades motivacionales de las drogas (Conditioned place preference: a…

2016

This article investigated the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) technique as a useful model for studying the motivational properties of drugs of abuse. The background of the technique is presented. Methodological issues that need to be considered when designing a study using CPP are discussed. These issues include the different types of apparatus available, the different phases of the protocol and its possible variations, the type of design (biased vs unbiased), and the need to consider time effects. We discuss data interpretation issues, such what the animal learns, the presentation of the dependent variable, the influence of novelty, state-dependent learning, latent inhibition, the motor…

Do allopatric male Calopteryx virgo damselflies learn species recognition?

2012

There is a growing amount of empirical evidence that premating reproductive isolation of two closely related species can be reinforced by natural selection arising from avoidance of maladaptive hybridization. However, as an alternative for this popular reinforcement theory, it has been suggested that learning to prefer conspecifics or to discriminate heterospecifics could cause a similar pattern of reinforced premating isolation, but this possibility is much less studied. Here, we report results of a field experiment in which we examined (i) whether allopatric Calopteryx virgo damselfly males that have not encountered heterospecific females of the congener C. splendens initially show discri…

Dynamical Casimir-Polder forces

2010

We consider the dynamical (time-dependent) Casimir-Polder force between an atom and a perfectly conducting wall, as well as the dynamical Casimir-Polder force between two atoms in the presence of a boundary condition such as a conducting wall. The dynamical Casimir-Polder forces are obtained from iterative solutions of the Heisenberg equations for the time evolution of the electric and magnetic field operators around one atom in the presence of the conducting wall and related field energy densities, which are valid for any initial state. We consider both the case of an initially bare atomic state and of an initially partially dressed atomic state. The problem of relativistic causality in th…

Improving the Downwind Sail Design Process by Means of a Novel FSI Approach

2021

The process of designing a sail can be a challenging task because of the difficulties in predicting the real aerodynamic performance. This is especially true in the case of downwind sails, where the evaluation of the real shapes and aerodynamic forces can be very complex because of turbulent and detached flows and the high-deformable behavior of structures. Of course, numerical methods are very useful and reliable tools to investigate sail performances, and their use, also as a result of the exponential growth of computational resources at a very low cost, is spreading more and more, even in not highly competitive fields. This paper presents a new methodology to support sail designers in ev…

Secession and Use of Force

2014

Zagrożenie terroryzmem oraz aspekt militarny w jego zwalczaniu

2015

From Country Girl in Southern Finland to Longitudinal Research into Alternatives to Aggression and Violence

2021

Lea Pulkkinen, born in Finland in 1939, is Emerita Professor of Psychology at the University of Jyväskylä (Finland). She is best known for creating the ongoing Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JLSPSD). The study was specifically intended to test the hypothesis that the human brain allows for more variation in behavior than the simple ‘fight or flight’ response observed in animal studies of aggression. She further hypothesized that humans’ capacity for cognitive control over emotional behavior was the key factor involved in controlling aggressive behavior. These hypotheses led her to devise an impulse control model to depict behavioral alternatives, which s…

Cztery swobody wspólnego rynku Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej

2016

Secondary nucleation in stirring induced alpha-lactalbumin amyloid fibrils formation

2014

Particle radiation in microelectronics

2012

The unavoidable presence of particle radiation in space and on the ground combined with constantly evolving technology necessitates a deep understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying radiation effects in materials and electronic devices. This thesis provides an overview of the different radiation environments, with a review of the interaction mechanisms between energetic particles and matter. In this work a new semi-empirical model for estimating the electronic stopping force of solids for heavy ions is introduced. Radiation effects occurring in microelectronics due to particle radiation are also discussed with a brief introduction to radiation hardness assurance (RHA) testing of elect…