Search results for "FOS: Economics and business"
showing 10 items of 145 documents
The effect of round-off error on long memory processes
2011
We study how the round-off (or discretization) error changes the statistical properties of a Gaussian long memory process. We show that the autocovariance and the spectral density of the discretized process are asymptotically rescaled by a factor smaller than one, and we compute exactly this scaling factor. Consequently, we find that the discretized process is also long memory with the same Hurst exponent as the original process. We consider the properties of two estimators of the Hurst exponent, namely the local Whittle (LW) estimator and the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). By using analytical considerations and numerical simulations we show that, in presence of round-off error, both…
Gender-specific Call of Duty: A Note on the Neglect of Conscription in Gender Equality Indices
2022
We document that existing gender equality indices do not account for gender-specific mandatory peace-time conscription (compulsory military service). This suggests that gender-specific conscription is not considered to be an important gender issue. If an indicator measuring the gender equality of mandatory conscription was to be included in gender equality indices with appropriate weight, then the relative rankings of countries in terms of measured gender equality could be affected. In the context of the Nordic countries, this would mean that Finland and Denmark – the countries with mandatory conscription for men only – would have worse scores with respect to gender equality compared to Swe…
Why Finnish polytechnics reject top applicants
2019
I use a panel of higher education clearinghouse data to study the centralized assignment of applicants to Finnish polytechnics. Many top applicants remain completely unassigned each year. The same applicants' future applications reveal that many of them should have been admitted to a different program immediately. The application system, however, discourages applicants from applying to multiple programs within the same year, while at the same time leaving them in the dark on the set of programs willing to admit them. Improvements to the application system have the potential to substantially reduce reapplications, thereby shortening long queues into Finnish higher education. peerReviewed
sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 - Supplemental material for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social car…
2022
Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social care services: A cross-sectional population-based survey by T Heponiemi, A-M Kaihlanen, A Kouvonen, L Leemann, S Taipale and K Gluschkoff in Digital Health
sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 - Supplemental material for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social car…
2022
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social care services: A cross-sectional population-based survey by T Heponiemi, A-M Kaihlanen, A Kouvonen, L Leemann, S Taipale and K Gluschkoff in Digital Health
sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 - Supplemental material for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social car…
2022
Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social care services: A cross-sectional population-based survey by T Heponiemi, A-M Kaihlanen, A Kouvonen, L Leemann, S Taipale and K Gluschkoff in Digital Health
sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 - Supplemental material for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social car…
2022
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076221074485 for The role of age and digital competence on the use of online health and social care services: A cross-sectional population-based survey by T Heponiemi, A-M Kaihlanen, A Kouvonen, L Leemann, S Taipale and K Gluschkoff in Digital Health
Forecasting : theory and practice
2022
Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a varie…
Futures pricing in electricity markets based on stable CARMA spot models
2012
We present a new model for the electricity spot price dynamics, which is able to capture seasonality, low-frequency dynamics and the extreme spikes in the market. Instead of the usual purely deterministic trend we introduce a non-stationary independent increments process for the low-frequency dynamics, and model the large uctuations by a non-Gaussian stable CARMA process. The model allows for analytic futures prices, and we apply these to model and estimate the whole market consistently. Besides standard parameter estimation, an estimation procedure is suggested, where we t the non-stationary trend using futures data with long time until delivery, and a robust L 1 -lter to nd the states of …
Shared value economics: an axiomatic approach
2020
[EN]The concept of shared value was introduced by Porter and Kramer as a new conception of capitalism. Shared value describes the strategy of organizations that simultaneously enhance their competitiveness and the social conditions of related stakeholders such as employees, suppliers and the natural environment. The idea has generated strong interest, but also some controversy due to a lack of a precise definition, measurement techniques and difficulties to connect theory to practice. We overcome these drawbacks by proposing an economic framework based on three key aspects: coalition formation, sustainability and consistency, meaning that conclusions can be tested by means of logical deduct…