Search results for "FOV"
showing 10 items of 100 documents
Tenofovir-induced toxicity in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells
2017
OBJECTIVE In-vivo studies suggest that mitochondria is involved in tenofovir (TFV)-induced renal toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of TFV and its prodrug, TFV disoproxil fumarate, on mitochondrial function and cell survival/viability in a renal proximal tubular cell line. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated parameters of cellular proliferation/survival (cell count, cell cycle, viability) and mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production) in NRK-52E cells. Intracellular TFV was measured by HPLC and expression of antioxidant genes was analysed by real-…
Switching to dual/monotherapy determines an increase in CD8+ in HIV-infected individuals: An observational cohort study
2018
Background The CD4/CD8 ratio has been associated with the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events. We describe trends in immunological parameters in people who underwent a switch to monotherapy or dual therapy, compared to a control group remaining on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We included patients in Icona who started a three-drug combination ART regimen from an ART-naïve status and achieved a viral load ≤ 50 copies/mL; they were subsequently switched to another triple or to a mono or double regimen. Standard linear regression at fixed points in time (12-24 months after the switch) and linear mixed model analysis with random intercepts and slopes were used to compare CD4 and CD8…
Lamivudine/Adefovir Treatment Increases the Rate of Spontaneous Mutation of Hepatitis B Virus in Patients.
2016
The high levels of genetic diversity shown by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly attributed to the low fidelity of its polymerase. However, the rate of spontaneous mutation of human HBV in vivo is currently unknown. Here, based on the evolutionary principle that the population frequency of lethal mutations equals the rate at which they are produced, we have estimated the mutation rate of HBV in vivo by scoring premature stop codons in 621 publicly available, full-length, molecular clone sequences derived from patients. This yielded an estimate of 8.7 × 10-5 spontaneous mutations per nucleotide per cell infection in untreated patients, which should be taken as an upper limit estimate becau…
Factors Associated With Weight Gain in People Treated With Dolutegravir.
2020
AbstractBackgroundAn unexpected excess in weight gain has recently been reported in the course of dolutegravir (DTG) treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether weight gain differs among different DTG-containing regimens.MethodsAdult naïve and experienced people with HIV (PWH) initiating DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) between July 2014 and December 2019 in the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) prospective cohort were included. We used an adjusted general linear model to compare weight change among backbone groups and a Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for …
Harnessing Big Data for Communicable Tropical and Sub-Tropical Disorders: Implications From a Systematic Review of the Literature
2018
aim: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), communicable tropical and sub-tropical diseases occur solely, or mainly in the tropics, thriving in hot, and humid conditions. Some of these disorders termed as neglected tropical diseases are par- ticularly overlooked. Communicable tropical/sub-tropical diseases represent a diverse group of communicable disorders occurring in 149 countries, favored by tropical and sub-tropical conditions, affecting more than one billion people and imposing a dramatic societal and economic burden. methods: A systematic review of the extant scholarly literature was carried out, searching in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. The search string used included prope…
Macular sensitivity and structure in idiopathic epiretinal membranes 12 months after surgical treatment
2013
Purpose: To evaluate macular sensitivity (MS) change and its correlation with visual acuity (VA) and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgical treatment.Methods: Prospective, monocenter, interventional case series. We included 49 patients (49 eyes) with an idiopathic ERM scheduled for a surgical treatment. Among these patients, 40 were evaluated at 3 and 6 months (M3, M6), and 31 at 12 months (M12) after ERM and internal limiting membrane removal. At each visit a measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS), a microperimetry and a SD-OCT were performed for all patients.Results: The …
Māksliniecisko izteiksmes līdzekļu izpēte Andrē Derēna ainavās vizuālās mākslas stundās 2.klasē
2020
Diplomdarba “Māksliniecisko izteiksmes līdzekļu izpēte Andrē Derēna ainavās vizuālās mākslas stundās 2.klasē” mērķis ir izpētīt un izzināt mākslinieciskās izteiksmes līdzekļus un paņēmienus A.Derēna ainavās un to pielietojuma iespējas vizuālās mākslas stundās 2. klasē. Lai to realizētu tiek veikti vairāki uzdevumi, kuru ietvaros autore pēta un apraksta A.Derēna gleznotajās ainavās izmantotos mākslinieciskās izteiksmes līdzekļus, veicot vizuālās mākslas pamatizglītības standarta un programmas izpēti, pēta jaunākā skolas vecuma skolēnu vecuma attīstības īpatnības, izstrādā un realizē uzdevumu kopu 2.klasei, piemērojot atbilstošas pedagoģiskās metodes, kā arī veic analīzi un apkopo pedagoģiskā…
Early experiences from one of the first treatment programs for chronic hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa
2017
Treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is virtually absent in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present early experiences from a pilot program for treatment of CHB in Ethiopia. Adults (≥18 years) with CHB were included in a cohort study at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, from February 2015. The baseline assessment included liver function tests, viral markers and transient elastography (Fibroscan 402, Echosense, France). Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of fibrosis. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was initiated based on the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria, with some modifications. The initial 300 patients …
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa: 1-year results of a pilot program in Ethiopia
2018
Background The World Health Organization has set an ambitious goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is virtually unavailable. Herein, we present the 1-year results of a pilot CHB treatment program in Ethiopia. Methods At a public hospital in Addis Ababa, CHB patients were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate based on simplified eligibility criteria. Baseline assessment included liver function tests, viral markers, and transient elastography (Fibroscan). Changes in laboratory markers were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Adherence to therapy was measured by …
Predictors of mortality in patients under treatment for chronic hepatitis B in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
2019
Abstract Background Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is largely unavailable in sub-Saharan Africa; hence, little is known about the prognosis after initiating treatment in African CHB patients. In this study we aimed to assess predictors of mortality in one of the largest CHB cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Two-hundred-and-seventy-six CHB patients who started treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at a public hospital in Ethiopia between March 18, 2015, and August 1, 2017, were included in this analysis. Patients were followed up until October 1, 2017, and deaths were ascertained through hospital records and telephone interview with relatives. Decompensated cir…