Search results for "FUNCTIONAL"
showing 10 items of 4822 documents
Mass education or a minority well educated elite in the process of growth: The case of India
2013
Abstract This paper analyzes whether mass education is more growth enhancing in developing countries than having a minority well educated elite. Using Indian Census data as a benchmark and enrollment rates at different levels of education, we compute annual attainment levels for a panel of 16 Indian states from 1961 to 2001. Results indicate that if the reduction in illiteracy stops at the primary level of education, it is not worthwhile for growth. Instead, the findings reveal a strong and significant effect on growth of a greater share of population completing tertiary education. The economic impact is also found to be large: a one percent change in tertiary education has the same effect …
A Neofunctionalist Perspective on the ‘European Refugee Crisis’: The Case of the European Border and Coast Guard
2017
Initial literature on the ‘European refugee crisis’ discerned intergovernmental tendencies in its management. This paper examines whether neofunctionalism may be able to explain a major case of ‘European refugee crisis’ policy-making, the negotiations on the European Border and Coast Guard regulation. We argue, somewhat counterintuitively, that the theory considerably furthers our respective understanding. The crisis acted as a catalyst exposing the weaknesses of a system that pitted a supranational Schengen against a largely intergovernmental external border regime, notwithstanding a developing Frontex. These dysfunctionalities have been widely fostered by both national and supranational d…
Computational Screening of Doped Graphene Electrodes for Alkaline CO2 Reduction
2020
The electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) is considered as one of the most promising approaches to synthesizing carbonaceous fuels and chemicals without utilizing fossil resources. However, current technologies are still in the early phase focusing primarily on identifying optimal electrode materials and reaction conditions. Doped graphene-based materials are among the best CO<sub>2</sub>RR electrocatalysts and in the present work we have performed a computational screening study to identify suitable graphene catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub>RR to CO under alkaline conditions. Several types of modified-graphene frame…
Barriers to the Development of Regional Competitiveness in the Context of Regional Economies - EU, Latvia, Region Vidzeme Case Study
2020
Innovation potential and the creation of new knowledge, which is considered to be one of the main drivers of economic development, is particularly emphasized in region development [1, 2, 3]. However, in effect regions face significant barriers to the development of innovation and smart specialization. Despite strong institutional support impulses, the current contribution of regions to national competitiveness is debatable. As an example, the study analyses one of the regions of the EU Member State Latvia (Vidzeme), its contribution to national productivity and the main obstacles to the development of the region’s innovations - smart specialization. The results obtained in the context of a …
Functional classifications and their application in phytoplankton ecology
2015
SUMMARY 1. Ecologists often group organisms based on similar biological traits or on taxonomic criteria. However, the use of taxonomy in ecology has many drawbacks because taxa may include species with very different ecological adaptations. Further, similar characters may evolve independently in different lineages. 2. In this review, we examine the main criteria that have been used in the identification of nine modes of classifying phytoplankton non-taxonomically. These approaches are based purely on morphological and/or structural traits, or on more complex combinations including physiological and ecological features. 3. Different functional approaches have proved able to explain some frac…
ANTERIOR OPEN BITE TREATED WITH E F APPLIANCE: A CASE REPORT
2014
Aim. Current trends in pediatric orthodontics aim to identify incorrect development of occlusion and medium/lower facial third as early as possible. Functional appliances are a popular type of device used for treating malocclusion in patients who are growing. Among the functional orthodontic devices intended for this purpose, “Education Functional” is highlighted. It was developed by Dr. Daniel Rollet. In fact, in the occlusal alterations, early preventive treatment with elastodontic devices resulted in avoiding dysfunctional forces from acting on the skeletal pattern, thus reaching a balance between bone basis and muscular components. This report describes a clinical case of a patient (9-y…
Ultra-nonlocality in density functional theory for photo-emission spectroscopy.
2014
We derive an exact expression for the photo-current of photo-emission spectroscopy using time-dependent current density functional theory (TDCDFT). This expression is given as an integral over the Kohn-Sham spectral function renormalized by effective potentials that depend on the exchange-correlation kernel of current density functional theory. We analyze in detail the physical content of this expression by making a connection between the density-functional expression and the diagrammatic expansion of the photo-current within many-body perturbation theory. We further demonstrate that the density functional expression does not provide us with information on the kinetic energy distribution of…
Nonlocal properties of entangled two-photon generalized binomial states in two separate cavities
2007
We consider entangled two-photon generalized binomial states of the electromagnetic field in two separate cavities. The nonlocal properties of this entangled field state are analyzed by studying the electric field correlations between the two cavities. A Bell's inequality violation is obtained using an appropriate dichotomic cavity operator, that is in principle measurable.
Spectral Analysis of Nonrelativistic Quantum Electrodynamics
2001
I review the research results on spectral properties of atoms and molecules coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field or on simplified models of such systems obtained during the past decade. My main focus is on the results I have obtained in collaboration with Jurg Frohlich and Israel Michael Sigal [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].
The renormalized electron mass in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics
2007
This work addresses the problem of infrared mass renormalization for a scalar electron in a translation-invariant model of non-relativistic QED. We assume that the interaction of the electron with the quantized electromagnetic field comprises a fixed ultraviolet regularization and an infrared regularization parametrized by $\sigma>0$. For the value $p=0$ of the conserved total momentum of electron and photon field, bounds on the renormalized mass are established which are uniform in $\sigma\to0$, and the existence of a ground state is proved. For $|p|>0$ sufficiently small, bounds on the renormalized mass are derived for any fixed $\sigma>0$. A key ingredient of our proofs is the operator-t…