Search results for "FUNGAL"
showing 10 items of 1116 documents
Involvement of Lipoxygenase-dependent Production of Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides in the Development of the Hypersensitive Cell Death induced by Cryptoge…
1999
Lipid peroxidation was investigated in relation with the hypersensitive reaction in cryptogein-elicited tobacco leaves. A massive production of free polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) hydroperoxides dependent on a 9-lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was characterized during the development of leaf necrosis. The process occurred after a lag phase of 12 h, was accompanied by the concomitant increase of 9-LOX activity, and preceded by a transient accumulation of LOX transcripts. Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation represented 10% of the process. Inhibition and activation of the LOX pathway was shown to inhibit or to activate cell death, and evidence was provided that fatty acid hydroperoxides ar…
Wall mannoproteins in cells from colonial phenotypic variants of Candida albicans.
1990
Candida albicans ATCC 26555 switched at high frequency (10(-1) to 10(-3)) between several phenotypes identified by colony morphology on a defined mineral amino-acid-containing agar medium supplemented with arginine and zinc (LAZ medium). When cells taken from colonies exhibiting distinct morphologies were plated directly onto LAZ agar, spontaneous conversion to all the variant phenotypes occurred at combined frequencies of 2.1 x 10(-1) to 9.5 x 10(-3). However, when cells taken from the different colonial phenotypes were plated directly onto an undefined medium (yeast extract/peptone/dextrose; YPD medium), or first incubated in liquid YPD medium and then cloned on YPD agar, all colonies obs…
Characterisation of Pythium paroecandrum and its antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of grey mould disease of grape.
2004
Pythium paroecandrum (B-30), an oomycete, was isolated from soil samples taken from a wheat field in Genlis in the Burgundy region of France and was found to check the growth and development of Botrytis cinerea, a serious grapevine pathogen. The oomycete is a fast-growing organism, living on vegetable debris, and can be recognised by its catenulate hyphal swellings, catenulate oogonia, and monoclinous antheridia. When grown together with B. cinerea, the causal agent of the grey mould disease of the grapevine, P. paroecandrum shows a pronounced antagonism and suppresses its growth and its aptitude to provoke the grey mould symptoms. Morphological features of this oomycete, its antagonism to …
A new mycoparasite, Pythium lycopersicum, isolated in Isparta, Turkey: morphology, molecular characteristics, and its antagonism with phytopathogenic…
2008
Pythium lycopersicum sp. nov. has been isolated from soil samples taken in an agricultural land in the Isparta region of Southern Turkey. This oomycete is characterized by its contiguous sporangia having globose to elongated elements linked with hyphal filaments, ornamented oogonia, and monoclinous antheridia with large antheridial cells. The oomycete is reminiscent of Pythium ornamentatum described by the corresponding author in 1987 from soil samples taken in Algeria. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rRNA show a close relationship with Pythium oligandrum and other mycoparasites possessing ornamented oogonia. Morphological and molecular features of this…
Validation and application of a PCR primer set to quantify fungal communities in the soil environment by real-time quantitative PCR
2011
Fungi constitute an important group in soil biological diversity and functioning. However, characterization and knowledge of fungal communities is hampered because few primer sets are available to quantify fungal abundance by real-time quantitative PCR (real-time Q-PCR). The aim in this study was to quantify fungal abundance in soils by incorporating, into a real-time Q-PCR using the SYBRGreen (R) method, a primer set already used to study the genetic structure of soil fungal communities. To satisfy the real-time Q-PCR requirements to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of the detection technique, this study focused on the 18S rRNA gene conserved regions. These regions are little affec…
The current state of knowledge of fungal diversity in Sicily (Southern Italy)
2007
The paper deal with the status of fungal biodiversity in Sicily. 1500 taxa, growing in different types of vegetation, are distributed in the nine provinces of the region. In this contribution a preliminary list of rare and infrequent species is also provided.
The current state of knowledge of fungal diversity in Sicily
2005
Current knowledge of fungal diversity in Sicily is reported based on historical data and recently field records. A preliminary list of rare and infrequent fungal species is also provided.
Fungal communities decline with urbanization : more in air than in soil
2020
Increasing evidence suggests that degradation of biodiversity in human populated areas is a threat for the ecosystem processes that are relevant for human well-being. Fungi are a megadiverse kingdom that plays a key role in ecosystem processes and affects human well-being. How urbanization influences fungi has remained poorly understood, partially due to the methodological difficulties in comprehensively surveying fungi. Here we show that both aerial and soil fungal communities are greatly poorer in urban than in natural areas. Strikingly, a fivefold reduction in fungal DNA abundance took place in both air and soil samples already at 1 km scale when crossing the edge from natural to urban h…
MONITORING AND USE OF ANTIMYCOTICS FOR SYSTEMIC USE SUPPLIED BY THE STATE HOSPITAL PHARMACY OF MARSALA (TP), ITALY: MYCAMINE® (MICAFUNGIN)
2014
Micafungin is an antimycotic drug and represents an important addition to the available therapies for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Micafungin is used in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, oesophageal and prophylaxis of Candida infections. It inhibits, in a non-competitive way, the synthesis of 1,3-b-D-glucan, a component of fungal cell wall and is rapidly distributed into the tissues. It has a high-rate bond with respect to plasma protein; the above mentioned bond is independent from the concentration of the drug. It is metabolized through the liver, being not subject to intense metabolic transformations until the excretion. There is no evidence of systemic accumulation …
Bovine lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial.
2011
Background: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (106 colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we analyze the incidence rates of fungal colonization, invasive fungal infection (IFI), and rate of progression from colonization to infection in all groups. Results: This study included 472 neonates who…