Search results for "FUNGAL"
showing 10 items of 1116 documents
In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against Candida species
1999
Objective. Antimicrobial mouthrinses may represent a valid alternative to topical antifungal agents. However, the action of antimicrobials could be affected by the different ingredients incorporated into mouthrinse products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal and fungicidal activities of antimicrobials alone. Study Design. A broth macrodilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 antimicrobial agents against Candida species. Minimum fungicidal concentration was also determined. Results. All antimicrobials showed antifungal activity against all tested organisms, but cetylpyridinium chloride received significantly low…
Current treatment of oral candidiasis: a literature review
2014
Candidiasis or oral candidosis is one of the most common human opportunistic fungal infections of the oral cavity. This pathology has a wide variety of treatment which has been studied until these days. The present study offers a literature review on the treatment of oral candidiasis, with the purpose of establish which treatment is the most suitable in each case. Searching the 24 latest articles about treatment of candidiasis it concluded that the incidence depends on the type of the candidiasis and the virulence of the infection. Although nystatin and amphotericin b were the most drugs used locally, fluconazole oral suspension is proving to be a very effective drug in the treatment of ora…
Fungal genes related to calcium homeostasis and signalling are upregulated in symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza interactions
2012
Fluctuations in intracellular calcium levels generate signalling events and regulate different cellular processes. Whilst the implication of Ca2+ in plant responses during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) interactions is well documented, nothing is known about the regulation or role of this secondary messenger in the fungal symbiont. The spatio-temporal expression pattern of putatively Ca2+-related genes of Glomus intraradices BEG141 encoding five proteins involved in membrane transport and one nuclear protein kinase, was investigated during the AM symbiosis. Expression profiles related to successful colonization of host roots were observed in interactions of G. intraradices with roots of wild-ty…
Gene Expression Analysis of Cold and Freeze Stress in Baker's Yeast
2002
ABSTRACT We used mRNA differential display to assess yeast gene expression under cold or freeze shock stress conditions. We found both up- and down-regulation of genes, although repression was more common. We identified and sequenced several cold-induced genes exhibiting the largest differences. We confirmed, by Northern blotting, the specificity of the response for TPI1 , which encodes triose-phosphate isomerase; ERG10 , the gene for acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase; and IMH1 , which encodes a protein implicated in protein transport. These genes also were induced under other stress conditions, suggesting that this cold response is mediated by a general stress mechanism. We determined the ph…
Impairment of leaf hydraulics in young plants of Citrus aurantium (sour orange) infected by Phoma tracheiphila.
2007
Phoma trachephila (Petri) Kantschaveli et Gikachvili causes dieback of several Citrus species. The impact of this fungus on leaf hydraulics was studied in Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange) with the aim of identifying the primary mechanism of damage to leaves. Leaves inoculated with a conidial suspension were measured for conductance to water vapor (gL) and specific hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) every 3 days after inoculation. The earliest symptom of infection consisted of vein chlorosis. Functional vein density (FVD) was monitored and microscopic observations were made of major vein conduits. Impairment of vein hydraulics started 25 days after inoculation with a losses of Kleaf of 40% and g…
Sliding-end-labelling
1986
Abstract A method, termed ‘sliding-end-labelling’, has been devised to avoid a frequent artifact in nucleosome positioning by indirect end labelling, namely the appearing of DNA fragments originated by two nuclease cuts, one of them lying within the region covered by the probe. The method is applied to the nucleosome positioning in the yeast SUC2 gene for invertase.
Multiple copies of SUC4 regulatory regions may cause partial de-repression of invertase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1992
Transformation to generate multiple copies of regulatory DNA sequences has been used to study the interactions between regulatory proteins and their target sequences, since a high copy number of these sequences may titrate trans-acting regulatory proteins. We have analyzed the synthesis of invertase in yeast strains carrying different SUC genes transformed with the multiple-copy plasmid pSH143, a derivative of pJDB207 containing the promoter and upstream regulatory sequences of SUC4. The results obtained seem to be strain dependent. Under repressing conditions a high copy number of SUC4 promoter regions may cause increased expression of the invertase genes resulting in the synthesis of exte…
Isolation and characterization of anavirulent Candida albicansyeast monomorphic mutant
2003
Mutagenesis of Candida albicans strain ATCC 26555 with N-methyl-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine followed by plating on solid yeast nitrogen base-N-acetylglucosamine medium at 37 degrees C yielded colony morphology variants that were characterized as forming smooth colonies, in contrast to the rough colonies formed by the parental strain. One yeast monomorphic mutant, CAL4, was studied in detail. Strain CAL4 is defective in filamentous growth, unable to form hyphae or pseudohyphae in vivo and in vitro. These filamentous structures are not elicited by commonly used external stimuli such as serum. The mutant had no obvious alterations in its mannan, glucan or chitin content. The total quantity of non…
Analysis of protein composition of red wine in comparison with rosé and white wines by electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass s…
2009
Wine proteins not only influence wine stability but are also being discussed as potential allergens. Proteins from red, rose, and white wines were enriched by dialysis and lyophilization followed by separation by SDS-PAGE. Significant differences were detected in the protein compositions of the analyzed wine varieties, and the major protein bands were identified by mass spectrometry after in-gel digestion with trypsin. In German Portugieser red wine, a total of 121 tryptic peptides were identified, which were attributed to 12 grape proteins and 6 proteins derived from yeast. Among the identified constituents are several proteins considered to influence wine stability and previously describe…
The microbiology of Lascaux Cave.
2010
Lascaux Cave (Montignac, France) contains paintings from the Upper Paleolithic period. Shortly after its discovery in 1940, the cave was seriously disturbed by major destructive interventions. In 1963, the cave was closed due to algal growth on the walls. In 2001, the ceiling, walls and sediments were colonized by the fungus Fusarium solani. Later, black stains, probably of fungal origin, appeared on the walls. Biocide treatments, including quaternary ammonium derivatives, were extensively applied for a few years, and have been in use again since January 2008. The microbial communities in Lascaux Cave were shown to be composed of human-pathogenic bacteria and entomopathogenic fungi, the for…