Search results for "Faces"

2017

The adsorption of molecular acceptors is a viable method for tuning the work function of metal electrodes. This, in turn, enables adjusting charge injection barriers between the electrode and organic semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate the potential of pyrene-tetraone (PyT) and its derivatives dibromopyrene-tetraone (Br-PyT) and dinitropyrene-tetraone (NO2-PyT) for modifying the electronic properties of Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. The systems are investigated by complementary theoretical and experimental approaches, including photoelectron spectroscopy, the X-ray standing wave technique, and density functional theory simulations. For some of the investigated interfaces the trends expecte…

Self-assembly in surfactant-based liquid mixtures: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine systems

2010

Surfactant-based liquid mixtures constitute an interesting class of nanostructured materials with promising potential in specialized applications. Here, structural and conductometric properties of liquid mixtures composed of bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine (BEEA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) have been thoroughly investigated with the aim to correlate structural features with system charge transport capability. The evolution of self-assembled local nanostructures with system composition has been investigated by FT-IR and XRD while the conductometric properties were probed by conventional AC complex impedance. Both pure components exhibit nano-segregation due to their amphiphilic natur…

Study of Mechanisms of Light-Induced Dissociation of Ru(dcbpy)(CO)2I2 in Solution down to 20 fs Time Resolution

2006

Mechanisms of the light-induced ligand exchange reaction of (trans-I) Ru(dcbpy)(CO)2I2 (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine) in ethanol have been studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. Ultraviolet 20 fs excitation pulses centered at 325 nm were used to populate a vibrationally hot excited pi bipyridyl state of the reactant that quickly relaxes to a dissociative Ru-I state resulting in the release of one of the carbonyl groups. Quantum yield measurements have indicated that about 40% of the initially exited reactant molecules form the final photoproduct. A 62 fs rise component in the transient absorption (TA) signal was observed at all probe wavelengths in the visible regio…

Motional Resistance Evaluation of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Study the Formation of a Passive Layer in the Interfacial Region of a Copper|Dil…

2015

A hyphenated technique based on vis–NIR spectroscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with motional resistance monitoring was employed to investigate the dissolution of copper in acid media. Changes in motional resistance, current, mass, and absorbance during copper dissolution allow the evolution of the interfacial region of copper|diluted sulfuric solution to be understood. In particular, motional resistance is presented in this work as a useful tool to observe the evolution of the passive layer at the interface. During the forced copper electrodissolution in sulfuric solution, SO4(2–) favors the formation of soluble [Cu(H2O)6]2+. On the contrary, OH– involves the formation…

MoO (x≤2) ultrathin film growth from reactions between metallic molybdenum and TiO2 surfaces

2001

Abstract Exposures to oxygen at room temperature and annealings under vacuum were carried out on deposits obtained from molybdenum interacting with (1 1 0) TiO 2 surfaces in order to obtain molybdenum oxide ultra thin films. Exposures to oxygen at room temperature show that the interfacial molybdenum oxide layers resulting from the TiO 2 /Mo interactions are inactive towards oxygen whereas the metallic molybdenum clusters, which grew on top of the interfacial layers, oxidise into MoO 3 . Besides, during annealings under vacuum, substrate oxygen anions can diffuse into the deposit. Thus, between 400 and 500°C, molybdenum oxide layers are progressively oxidised into MoO 2 . Moreover, from the…

Reactivity between molybdenum and TiO2(110) surfaces: evidence of a sub-monolayer mode and a multilayer mode

2005

Small amounts of molybdenum (from 0.03 to 1.3 eqML) were deposited on non-stoichiometric TiO 2 (1 1 0) surface. The deposits were investigated by means of LEED and X-ray/UV photoemission using synchrotron radiation. For the smallest coverage (<0.2 eqML), deposition leads to oxidation of molybdenum into species close to Mo 4+ .In such a case, states appearing in TiO 2 band gap are mainly due to reduced titanium. For higher coverages, metallic behaviour of molybdenum is observed. This phenomenon was explained, thanks to first principle calculations, as a decrease of the Mo-O interactions for the benefit of the Mo-Mo interactions as the surface molybdenum atom density increases.

Ab initio modeling of copper adhesion on regular BaTiO3(001) surfaces

2005

Ab initio calculations have been performed for copper adsorption on a regular, defect-free TiO"2- and BaO-terminated (001) surfaces of a cubic BaTiO"3, using a posteriori HF-CC method as implemented into the CRYSTAL-03 computer code. To clarify the nature of the interfacial bonding, we use slab models of the Cu/BaTiO"3(001) interfaces with different one-side substrate coverages, varied from 1/8 monolayer (ML) up to 1/2 ML, over both TiO"2- and BaO-terminated surfaces. TiO"2 termination has been found to be energetically more favorable for the adsorption of copper atoms. In agreement with previous experimental and theoretical data, our calculations indicate essential contribution of atomic p…

Transport equations of electrodiffusion processes in the laboratory reference frame.

2006

The transport equations of electrodiffusion processes use three reference frames for defining the fluxes: Fick's reference in diffusion, solvent-fixed reference in transference numbers, and laboratory fluxes in electric conductivity. The convenience of using only one reference frame is analyzed here from the point of view of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. A relation between the fluxes of ions and solvent and the electric current density is deduced first from a mass and volume balance. This is then used to show that (i) the laboratory and Fick's diffusion coefficients are identical and (ii) the transference numbers of both the solvent and the ion in the laboratory reference fr…

Capillary Hysteresis in Nanopores: Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Nitrogen Adsorption on MCM-41

1995

Capillary hysteresis in cylindrical nanopores has been studied using MCM-41 as the prime example of a mesoporous material. These materials, due to their regular pore structure, can be considered to be candidates for reference adsorbents for standardizing adsorption measurements and methods for characterization of porous solids. They provide a unique opportunity for verification of theoretical models employed for predicting phase equilibrium in confined geometry. Three samples with monodisperse pore channels have been synthesized and examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were modeled using nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) in a wide range of pore size…

A vacuum cell for obtaining clean surfaces on liquid low melting point metals

1997

Abstract Clean oxide film-free surface of liquid gallium was obtained in a sealed vacuum cell with a glass lid for observation. The cell was evacuated to high vacuum (10 -4 Pa) before admission of liquid and sealing. The surface contamination was about 2–5% of the free area and did not exhibit noticeable increase during several months of storing and employing the cell. The cell described allows observation of surface flows, capillary phenomena and crystallization processes under different conditions.