Search results for "Fasti"

Fasting and "Fasting mimicking diet" (FMD) an effective intervention to promote longevity and health span

Independent component analysis based on symmetrised scatter matrices

2007

A new method for separating the mixtures of independent sources has been proposed recently in [Oja et al. (2006). Scatter matrices and independent component analysis. Austrian J. Statist., to appear]. This method is based on two scatter matrices with the so-called independence property. The corresponding method is now further examined. Simple simulation studies are used to compare the performance of so-called symmetrised scatter matrices in solving the independence component analysis problem. The results are also compared with the classical FastICA method. Finally, the theory is illustrated by some examples. peerReviewed

On Independent Component Analysis with Stochastic Volatility Models

2017

Consider a multivariate time series where each component series is assumed to be a linear mixture of latent mutually independent stationary time series. Classical independent component analysis (ICA) tools, such as fastICA, are often used to extract latent series, but they don't utilize any information on temporal dependence. Also financial time series often have periods of low and high volatility. In such settings second order source separation methods, such as SOBI, fail. We review here some classical methods used for time series with stochastic volatility, and suggest modifications of them by proposing a family of vSOBI estimators. These estimators use different nonlinearity functions to…

fICA : FastICA Algorithms and Their Improved Variants

2019

Abstract In independent component analysis (ICA) one searches for mutually independent non gaussian latent variables when the components of the multivariate data are assumed to be linear combinations of them. Arguably, the most popular method to perform ICA is FastICA. There are two classical versions, the deflation-based FastICA where the components are found one by one, and the symmetric FastICA where the components are found simultaneously. These methods have been implemented previously in two R packages, fastICA and ica. We present the R package fICA and compare it to the other packages. Additional features in fICA include optimization of the extraction order in the deflation-based vers…

Fourth Moments and Independent Component Analysis

2015

In independent component analysis it is assumed that the components of the observed random vector are linear combinations of latent independent random variables, and the aim is then to find an estimate for a transformation matrix back to these independent components. In the engineering literature, there are several traditional estimation procedures based on the use of fourth moments, such as FOBI (fourth order blind identification), JADE (joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices), and FastICA, but the statistical properties of these estimates are not well known. In this paper various independent component functionals based on the fourth moments are discussed in detail, starting wi…

Fasting renders immunotherapy effective against low-immunogenic breast cancer while reducing side effects

2022

Immunotherapy is improving the prognosis and survival of cancer patients, but despite encouraging out-comes in different cancers, the majority of tumors are resistant to it, and the immunotherapy combinations are often accompanied by severe side effects. Here, we show that a periodic fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) can act on the tumor microenvironment and increase the efficacy of immunotherapy (anti-PD-L1 and anti-OX40) against the poorly immunogenic triple-negative breast tumors (TNBCs) by expanding early exhausted effector T cells, switching the cancer metabolism from glycolytic to respiratory, and reducing collagen depo-sition. Furthermore, FMD reduces the occurrence of immune-related adve…

Spatial Bayesian Modeling Applied to the Surveys of Xylella fastidiosa in Alicante (Spain) and Apulia (Italy)

2020

The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was first reported in Europe in 2013, in the province of Lecce, Italy, where extensive areas were affected by the olive quick decline syndrome, caused by the subsp. pauca. In Alicante, Spain, almond leaf scorch, caused by X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, was detected in 2017. The effects of climatic and spatial factors on the geographic distribution of X. fastidiosa in these two infested regions in Europe were studied. The presence/absence data of X. fastidiosa in the official surveys were analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models through the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) methodology. Climatic covariates were obtained from …

Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Xylella fastidiosa: A Nonstationary Approach with Dispersal Barriers

2022

Spatial species distribution models often assume isotropy and stationarity, implying that spatial dependence is direction-invariant and uniform throughout the study area. However, these assumptions are violated when dispersal barriers are present. Despite this, the issue of nonstationarity has been little explored in the context of plant health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of barriers in the distribution of Xylella fastidiosa in the demarcated area in Alicante, Spain. Occurrence data from 2018 were analyzed through spatial Bayesian hierarchical models. The stationary model, illustrating a scenario without control interventions or geographical features, was com…

New molecular aspects of regulation of mitochondrial activity by fenofibrate and fasting

2000

Abstract Fenofibrate and fasting are known to regulate several genes involved in lipid metabolism in a similar way. In this study measuring several mitochondrial enzyme activities, we demonstrate that, in contrast to citrate synthase and complex II, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is a specific target of these two treatments. In mouse liver organelles, Western blot experiments indicated that mitochondrial levels of p43, a mitochondrial T3 receptor, and mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (mt-PPAR), previously described as a dimeric partner of p43 in the organelle, are increased by both fenofibrate and fasting. In addition, in PPARα-deficient mice, this influence was abolishe…

Muscle Function Differences between Patients with Bulbar and Spinal Onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Does It Depend on Peripheral Glucose?

2021

Background: One of the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS disease is perturbed energy metabolism particularly glucose metabolism. Given the substantial difference in the severity and the prognosis of the disease, depending on whether it has a bulbar or spinal onset, the aim of the study was to determine metabolic differences between both types of ALS, as well as the possible relationship with muscle function. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, analytical, quantitative, and transversal study was carried out in hospitals and Primary Care centers in the region of Valencia, Spain. Fasting glucose and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels in venous blood, muscle percentage, fat percentage, muscle streng…