Search results for "Feminization"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Addressing informality, gender and ethnicity in domestic labour
2014
The legal framework concerning household employment has undergone a number of changes worldwide. The 100th International Labour Conference in June 2011 was highly significant as it adopted the first international labour standards specifically for domestic workers: Convention No. 189 and the supplementing Recommendation No. 201. This article analyses recent Spanish reforms (2011–2013) in order to assess the effects of these changes, taking into account the characteristics of domestic work: feminized, informal, ethnicized and vulnerable. Although aimed at improving employment and working conditions, the new Spanish legislation has resulted in a number of setbacks as well as some progress. The…
Effects of feminizing microsporidia on the masculinizing function of the androgenic gland in Gammarus duebeni
2013
Feminizing parasites enhance their vertical transmission to the host offspring by converting genetic male hosts into phenotypic females. Crustacea are the only invertebrates where sexual differentiation is controlled by a specialised endocrine organ, the androgenic gland, rather than by the gonads. We showed that a feminizing microsporidian Microsporidium sp. inhibits androgenic gland differentiation. We investigated the effect of Microsporidium sp. and a second feminizing microsporidium, Nosema granulosis, on the masculinizing function of the androgenic gland in Gammarus duebeni. Androgenic gland implants had a masculinizing effect on the sexual characteristics and sexual behaviour of reci…
Reversal of Gender Disparity in Journalism Education- Study of Ghana Institute of Journalism
2017
Journalism has practically become a feminine profession across the world. To understand the root of the flow of women into the Journalism profession it is pertinent to begin at the university education level. Gallagher’s 1992 worldwide survey of female students in 83 journalism institutions reveals a significant increase in number of female students. Djerf-Pierre (2007) and others argue along Bourdieu’s conception of education as a form of social capital which empowers, enables and enhances women’s competitiveness in a pre-dominantly androgynous social arena. The study analyses 16 years of enrolment data of the Academic Affairs Unit of the Ghana Institute of Journalism (GIJ), a leading Jour…
Mein Bauch gehört uns. Gynisierung und Symmetrisierung der Elternschaft bei schwangeren Paaren
2019
ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag sucht nach neuen Konzepten und sozialen Mechanismen zur Erklärung der Retraditionalisierung von Paarbeziehungen in der Familiengründung und berichtet zentrale Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie zur Paardynamik während der Schwangerschaft. Er identifiziert u. a. berufs- und familienbiografische Pfadabhängigkeiten sowie stille weibliche Besetzungen und männliche Delegationen von Elternschaft. Als ein Schlüsselmechanismus erweist sich die Umwidmung der Altersdifferenz im Verlauf von Paarbeziehungen. Konzeptuell plädiert der Beitrag für eine Ersetzung des Begriffs der Retraditionalisierung durch den der Gynisierung von Schwangerschaft und Elternschaft, der weder die…
Towards a Hostessing Society? Mobile Arrangements of Gender and Labour
2008
This article theorizes the forms and interrelations of mobilized work and arrangements of gender in the context of “new work”: an ideology of the flexible labour market of the new economy from the perspective of the workers. The notion of new work is further complicated by the thesis of the feminization of work, whereby, on the one hand, temporary employment is increasingly common also among men and, on the other, attributes and conditions formerly connected to women and understood as feminine virtues or domestic skills are now required from both women and men. Meanwhile, women migrate and are trafficked from poor countries to wealthy ones to perform a range of “old work” for women. Here, t…
Cholinergic Control of Synchronized Seminal Emissions in Drosophila
2004
0960-9822 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; In many animal species, copulation involves the coordinated release of both sperm and seminal fluid, including substances that change female fertility and postmating behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, these substances increase female fertility and prevent mating with a second male. By using a PGal4 strain, we targeted together with other cells a dozen cholinergic neurons found only in the male abdominal ganglion (Abg-MAch). Genetic feminization apparently deleted these neurons in males and significantly increased their copulation duration, blocked their fertility in 60% of cases, and only weakly repress…
Actions of sex hormones on the brain
1992
1. The brain is a target for sex steroid hormones. As a result of sex hormone actions on the brain various behavioral changes are observed in animal and man. This paper gives a brief overview over the multiple central nervous functions that are under modulatory control of sexual hormones and describes the complex sex steroid actions on the brain by giving an example for "activating" and "organizing" effects of estrogens on noradrenergic neurons in the brain of rats. 2. Estradiol-17 beta induced sex specific alterations in the turnover of noradrenaline in the preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus showing "female" or "male" responses. 3. Neonatal manipulations of female rat pups by testos…
Claves vertebradoras del modelo de justicia en el siglo XXI
2021
The 21st Century presents a dynamic, international, digital, changing, agile, and fast Society, that demands an adequated Justice System. The Incorporation due to Globalization of Keys such a Supranationality, Internationalization, Efficiency, Feminization, Technology, Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence, are involved in the changes of the new look of Justice.
An Update on the Surgical Treatment for Transgender Patients.
2016
Abstract Introduction As gender dysphoria is becoming increasingly accepted in the general population, the number of patients seeking gender reassignment surgery is increasing. Although not every patient with gender dysphoria requires surgery, medical practitioners taking care of these individuals should be aware of the different surgical options. Aim To review current gender reassignment surgical techniques and update the clinician. Methods A review of the literature was performed focusing on the most recent techniques of gender reassignment surgery. Main Outcome Measures Main outcomes included a historical review of gender confirmation surgery leading to the techniques of choice in differ…
Variable male potential rate of reproduction: high male mating capacity as an adaptation to parasite–induced excess of females?
2003
Numerous animals are known to harbour intracytoplasmic symbionts that gain transmission to a new host generation via female eggs and not male sperm. Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are a typical example. They infect a large range of arthropod species and manipulate host reproduction in several ways. In terrestrial isopods (woodlice), Wolbachia are responsible for converting males into females (feminization (F)) in some species, or for infertility in certain host crosses in other species (cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)). Wolbachia with the F phenotype impose a strong excess of females on their host populations, while Wolbachia expressing CI do not. Here, we test the possibility that male m…