Search results for "Field Theory"

showing 10 items of 1188 documents

Effects of Crystal Field Splitting and Surface Faceting on the Electronic Shell Structure

1992

The shell structure of the valence electrons is clearly observed in all alkali and noble metal clusters containing up to hundreds of atoms[1 – 4]. It is seen in the abundances of the clusters, in the ionization potential and in the polarizability. The shell structure of the valence electrons is closely related to the shell model of nuclei, but is simpler owing to the negligibly small spin-orbit interaction. The ability to produce all sizes of metal clusters has made the metal clusters a test ground for the super-shell structure[5].

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceNuclear Theoryengineering.materialAlkali metalMolecular physicsFacetingCrystal field theoryPolarizabilityPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersengineeringCondensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsNoble metalIonization energyAtomic physicsValence electron
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Surface order in body-centered cubic alloys

1993

Free (100)-surfaces of body-centered cubic binary alloys are studied in a parameter range where the bulk turns from the ordered B2-phase to the disordered A2-phase. A model is chosen that describes iron-aluminium alloys in a fairly realistic way. Mean field treatments and Monte Carlo investigations both show that under certain circumstances the surface remains ordered far above the bulk disordering temperatureT c, though the surface order parameter and the surface susceptibility exhibit a singularity atT c with critical exponents characteristic for the ordinary transition. One finds, that if the surface is nonstoechiometric and different layers are not equivalent with respect to perfect bul…

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceSingularityMean field theoryCondensed matter physicsField (physics)Monte Carlo methodBinary numberGeneral Materials ScienceCubic crystal systemCondensed Matter PhysicsCritical exponentElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsZeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter
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Pion Form Factor at BESIII

2017

Abstract At BESIII, we measured the cross section of e + e − → π + π − in the energy range between 600 and 900 MeV/c2 with a 2.93 fb−1 data set taken at the center-of-mass energy 3.773 GeV. The initial state radiation technique is used, and the total systematic uncertainty is estimated to be 0.9%. The squared form factor | F π | 2 is extracted, and comparisons are made with results from both KLOE and BaBar. The two-pion contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to ( g − 2 ) μ is calculated to be a μ π π , LO ( 600 − 900 MeV / c 2 ) = ( 368.2 ± 2.5 s t a t . ± 3.3 s y s t . ) ⋅ 10 − 10 .

Systematic errorPhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsRange (particle radiation)010308 nuclear & particles physicsHadronForm factor (quantum field theory)Radiation01 natural sciencesNuclear physicsPion0103 physical sciencesVacuum polarization010306 general physicsNuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings
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Measurement of the Cross Section for e+e−→Ξ−Ξ¯+ and Observation of an Excited Ξ Baryon

2020

Using a total of 11.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.009 and 4.6 GeV and collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we measure fifteen exclusive cross sections and effective form factors for the process e+e−→Ξ−Ξ¯+ by means of a single baryon-tag method. After performing a fit to the dressed cross section of e+e−→Ξ−Ξ¯+, no significant ψ(4230) or ψ(4260) resonance is observed in the Ξ−Ξ¯+ final states, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on ΓeeB for the processes ψ(4230)/ψ(4260)→Ξ−Ξ¯+ are determined. In addition, an excited Ξ baryon at 1820 MeV/c2 is observed with a statistical significance of 6.2–6.5σ by including the systematic uncertainty, an…

Systematic errorPhysicsParticle physicsForm factor (quantum field theory)General Physics and AstronomyState (functional analysis)01 natural sciencesResonance (particle physics)Measure (mathematics)BaryonCross section (physics)Excited state0103 physical sciences010306 general physicsPhysical Review Letters
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One loop integrals revisited

1992

We present a new calculation of the well-known one-loop two-point scalar and tensor functions. We also present a systematic reduction to a certain class of functions which minimizes the effort for calculating tensor integrals drastically. We avoid standard techniques such as Feynman parametrization and Wick rotation.

Tensor contractionFeynman parametrizationPhysicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Scalar (mathematics)Tensor fieldsymbols.namesakeWick rotationsymbolsFeynman diagramQuantum field theoryTensor densityEngineering (miscellaneous)Mathematical physicsZeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields
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Two-loop tensor integrals in quantum field theory

2004

A comprehensive study is performed of general massive, tensor, two-loop Feynman diagrams with two and three external legs. Reduction to generalized scalar functions is discussed. Integral representations, supporting the same class of smoothness algorithms already employed for the numerical evaluation of ordinary scalar functions, are introduced for each family of diagrams.

Tensor contractionPhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsScalar (mathematics)Vertex functionFOS: Physical sciencesTensor fieldsymbols.namesakeHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Quantum mechanicssymbolsFeynman diagramQuantum field theoryScalar fieldMathematical physics
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A model of adaptive decision-making from representation of information environment by quantum fields

2017

We present the mathematical model of decision making (DM) of agents acting in a complex and uncertain environment (combining huge variety of economical, financial, behavioral, and geo-political factors). To describe interaction of agents with it, we apply the formalism of quantum field theory (QTF). Quantum fields are of the purely informational nature. The QFT-model can be treated as a far relative of the expected utility theory, where the role of utility is played by adaptivity to an environment (bath). However, this sort of utility-adaptivity cannot be represented simply as a numerical function. The operator representation in Hilbert space is used and adaptivity is described as in quantu…

Theoretical computer scienceComputer scienceGeneral MathematicsQuantum dynamicsLadderFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyNumber operatorBayesian inference01 natural sciences050105 experimental psychology010305 fluids & plasmasPhysics and Astronomy (all)symbols.namesakeEngineering (all)0103 physical sciencesMathematics (all)0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesQuantum field theoryQuantumMathematical PhysicsGame theoryExpected utility hypothesis05 social sciencesGeneral EngineeringLaw of total probabilityHilbert spaceMathematical Physics (math-ph)ArticlesQuantum BayesianismsymbolsDecision-makingPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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Quantum Field Theory

2018

Quantum field theory (QFT) shares many of its philosophical problems with quantum mechanics. This applies in particular to the quantum measurement process and the connected interpretive problems, to which QFT contributes hardly any new aspects, let alone solutions. The question as to how the objects described by the theory are spatially embedded was already also discussed for quantum mechanics. However, the new mathematical structure of QFT promises new answers, which renders the spatiotemporal interpretation of QFT the pivotal question. In this chapter, we sketch the mathematical characteristics of QFT and show that a particle as well as a field interpretation breaks down.

Theoretical physicsField (physics)Computer scienceQuantum measurementQuantum field theoryMathematical structurePhysics::History of PhysicsSketchInterpretation (model theory)
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The Nuclear Mean Field and Many-Nucleon Configurations

2007

After the two preceding chapters, throughout impregnated with messy-looking, though necessary mathematics, we are finally entering the realm of basic concepts of nuclear structure physics. While the preceding chapters may have been a shock to the reader not familiar with the fine details of angular momentum coupling, the present chapter should offer a soothing soft landing to the basic philosophy behind the nuclear shell model, namely the nuclear mean field.

Theoretical physicsSoft landingMean field theoryAngular momentum couplingNuclear shell modelNuclear structureSlater determinantNucleon
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Critical behavior of a tumor growth model: directed percolation with a mean-field flavor.

2012

We examine the critical behaviour of a lattice model of tumor growth where supplied nutrients are correlated with the distribution of tumor cells. Our results support the previous report (Ferreira et al., Phys. Rev. E 85, 010901 (2012)), which suggested that the critical behaviour of the model differs from the expected Directed Percolation (DP) universality class. Surprisingly, only some of the critical exponents (beta, alpha, nu_perp, and z) take non-DP values while some others (beta', nu_||, and spreading-dynamics exponents Theta, delta, z') remain very close to their DP counterparts. The obtained exponents satisfy the scaling relations beta=alpha*nu_||, beta'=delta*nu_||, and the general…

Time FactorsBiophysicsFOS: Physical sciencesModels BiologicalDiffusionNeoplasmsHumansComputer SimulationScalingCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsMathematical physicsMathematicsCell ProliferationProbabilityLattice model (finance)Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)Condensed matter physicsNeovascularization PathologicRenormalization groupModels TheoreticalDirected percolationDistribution (mathematics)Mean field theoryExponentBlood VesselsCritical exponentMonte Carlo MethodAlgorithmsPhysical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
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