Search results for "Finance"
showing 10 items of 4676 documents
Assessing the Enlargement and Deepening of the European Union
2008
This paper estimates a theoreticallymotivated gravity model to examine the effect of the European Union (EU) on trade and whet her the order of entry has affected the trade performance of member countries. Additionally, we analyse the impact of the diffe rent phases of EU integration on trade. The results show that both original countries and successive enlargements boost intra-b loc trade. Moreover, the results suggest that the deepening in the integration process has led to more trade creation among members. Finally, only the latter ph ase of the European integration process (the single currency) has increased trade with non-members.
Against the Grain: Spanish Trade Policy in the Interwar Years
2021
Estudiamos los efectos de los conflictos internos y los shocks externos sobre la política comercial española en el período de entreguerras. We study the effects of domestic conflict and external shocks on Spanish trade policy in the interwar period. Our account mobilizes a new granular dataset on exports and imports, and good-country level information on tariffs, trade agreements, and quotas. Into the Depression, the mainstay of policy was the tariff. The establishment of the Second Republic in 1931 was a turning point in policymaking. The new regime initiated bilateral trade negotiations. The Republic’s dilemma was to find countries willing to exchange market access. In a daunting internat…
External effects of domestic regulations: comparing internal and international barriers to trade
2001
Abstract In a world in which barriers to trade at all levels—international and internal—are mostly a by-product of the implementation by governments of different regulatory policies to deal with “domestic” or “local” problems such as environmental degradation, health, and labor standards, the article purports to show how the mechanisms that are set in motion by the operation of competition among the governments inhabiting the different jurisdictional tiers of federal countries lead to outcomes that are different from those generated by the ‘agreed-upon’ rules that govern the relations of national governments with each other in matters of international trade.
The Politicization of European Union Trade Policy: Radical-Left Euroskeptic Opposition to the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
2021
This study aims to analyze the correlation between radical-left Euroskeptic (RLE) activity and European Union (EU) trade policy by focusing on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). At the beginning of TTIP negotiations, the agreement was not high on political agendas and was not a major concern within European society. Thus, its salience was low. This initial lack of interest stemmed from the fact that the TTIP, as an economic and technical issue, did not draw public attention. This study shows that RLEs profoundly affected public opinion on the TTIP by increasing its salience during the European parliamentary elections in 2014 in France and Germany. Second, RLEs involv…
Hard currency indebtedness of the developed socialist countries
1985
In recent years the problems of the indebtedness of the communist countries have been driven somewhat into the background by the high foreign indebtedness of many developing countries and the attention attracted by the balance of payments crises in Brazil and Mexico. Yet there are many indications that the need for the socialist debtor nations to adjust their balance of payments policy has not lessened but, to a large extent, simply been deferred. It is therefore not unlikely that the 1980s will witness a new need to solve the problems of those nations and their creditors in the West.
Physician pharmacist practice groups : consistency and feasibility in the primary healthcare system. Evaluation of an experiment in France
2022
The regulation of drug prescription by general practitioners is based on various mechanisms, but unlike other countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland), it does not include practice groups between general practitioners and community pharmacists (GPMPs). This thesis analyses the coherence and, above all, the feasibility of such practice groups in our health system. The first chapter presents a macroeconomic and microeconomic analysis of the drug prescription by French general practitioners (GPs). It emphasises that it is an important target for regulatory policy because of its contribution to health expenditure but also its health impact, with prescriptions whose relevance could be i…
“Pursuing Community Resilience through Outcome-Based Public Policies: Challenges and Opportunities for the Design of Performance Management Systems”
2017
The purpose of this symposium is to contribute to the ongoing debate on this topic in the public administration literature by exploring the contribution of performance management in the implementation of effective governance systems that may foster community resilience, especially to social “wicked” problems. The set of articles hosted in this issue provides a variegated mix of ideas and experiences in this field, encompassing different countries (from Northern to Southern Europe, and Canada), sectors (including labor, healthcare, tourism, and public utilities), and methodological approaches. An empirical perspective is adopted by the authors, involving case studies, interviews, and field r…
Changements des modes de financement et transformations structurelles dans l'enseignement supérieur : la France et les Pays-Bas depuis 1980
1999
Actes des XIXè journées de l'AES; International audience; A partir d'une analyse comparée des politiques d'enseignement supérieur dans les deux pays, les auteurs tentent de tester la théorie de la dépendance des organisations par rapport à leurs ressources. Les universités ont-elles modifié leurs structures et leurs modes de fonctionnement au cours de la période 1980-1997 sous les pressions des changements intervenus dans la nature, le montant et le mode d'acquisition de leurs ressources ?
Autonomie et choix des établissements scolaires
2001
Une évolution majeure des systèmes éducatifs est l'accroissement des prérogatives des établissements scolaires et celui de la possibilité pour les parents de choisir l'établissement de leurs enfants. Cette revue de la littérature de recherche, en France et à l'étranger, aborde les thèmes suivants, successivement pour chacun de ces deux thèmes : Environnement et objectifs politiques de ces décisions, les raisons que la théorie sociologique ou économique donne de les approuver ou de les critiquer, les formes précises qu'elles prennent dans les différents pays développés, leur degré de mise en oeuvre, et enfin ce que l'on peut savoir de leurs effets sur l'efficacité et l'équité des systèmes éd…
L'allocation du temps en cours d'études: le cas des étudiants brésiliens, espagnols et français
1992
International audience