Search results for "Finances"
showing 10 items of 1041 documents
Asymmetric trade and agglomeration
2003
We extend the quadratic utility approach by Ottaviano et al. [19] and byBehrens [1] to the range of intermediate values of transport costs in orderto investigate how asymmetric trade affects the regional distribution ofeconomic activities. Asymmetry in trade is an endogenous result of pricecompetition and transport costs: depending on both the spatial distribution offirms and the value of transport costs, only firms located in one of the tworegions can profitably access the foreign market, which gives rise to morecomplex patterns of trade. We show that the unilateral breaking of autarkygives rise to strong agglomeration forces which lead to the absorption of thesmaller regions’ industry. Fu…
The annual costs of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to job strain in France.
2013
International audience; BACKGROUND: Work stress has become a major occupational risk factor in industrialized countries and an important economic issue. The objective was to estimate the annual costs of coronary heart diseases (CHD) and mental disorders (MD) attributable to job strain exposure according to Karasek's model in France for the year 2003 from a societal perspective. METHODS: We produced attributable fraction estimates which were applied to the number of cases (morbidity and mortality) and the costs of CHD and MD. Relative risk estimates came from a systematic literature review of prospective studies. We conducted meta-analyses based on this selection of studies. Prevalence of ex…
Qui tire profit des expatriations ?
2017
National audience
The limits of minimum income policies : the oppurtunity to pass the social management of exclusion
1997
A la lumière de l’actuel débat théorique en faveur de l’octroi d’un revenu minimum, nous nous proposons de révéler les apports et les limites de la politique française de lutte contre l’exclusion du Revenu Minimum d’insertion. Après avoir mis en évidence la nécessité de dépassement de l’actuelle pratique d’assistance et montré la nécessité sociétale d’évoluer vers un mode renouvelé de partage du revenu et du travail dans la société, nous montrons que cette « utopie progressiste » bute sur un obstacle économique perceptible dans la carence des possibilités de financement du partage du temps de travail. L’origine de cette carence est à rechercher dans la spoliation d’une partie du revenu glob…
Econométrie spatiale (2, Hétérogénéité spatiale)
2000
Spatial econometric methods aim at taking into account the two special characteristics of spatial data: spatial autocorrelation, which is the lack of independence between geographical observations, and spatial heterogeneity, which is related to the differentiation of variables and behaviors in space. These techniques have been mostly developed the last ten years and are more often applied in empirical studies with geographical data. The aim of this article is to present the way spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity can be incorporated in regression relationships and to present the estimation and inference procedures adapted to the models incorporating these two effects. This art…
Marginalist analysis of Ricardian division and reasoning
1992
Pour mener à bien l' étude nous organiserons notre travail autour des trois thèmes suivants:I. La rente ricardienne et la répartition.II. La rente est-elle compatible avec l'hypothèse de la concurrence pure et l'équilibre général?III. On ne peut pas établir une analogie entre la théorie marginaliste de la répartition et la rente ricardienne
Geographic spillover and growth (a spatial econometric analysis for european regions)
2000
The aim o f this paper is to integrate the geographical dimension o f data in the estimation o f the convergence o f European regions and emphasize the importance o f spatial effects in regional economic growth phenomena. In a sample o f 122 European regions over the 1980-1995 period, we find strong evidence o f spatial autocorrelation in the unconditional /^-convergence model using spatial econometric methods with different weight matrices: a simple contiguity matrix and 4 distance-based matrices. Therefore, this standard beta-convergence model exhibit misspecification, its estimation by OLS leads to inefficient estimators and invalid statistical inference. We suggest then a “minimal” spec…
Une analyse économique de l'exploitation et de la production de la notoriété médiatique (le cas du cinéma hollywoodien)
2000
In the motion pictures industry, the producers are faced to face with a great uncertainty relating to the financial success of films. In order to maximize probabilities of returns, one of the strategies at their’s disposal consists in exploiting the great box office power that stars are supposed to possess. We call star system traditionally this exploitation of stars’ box office power. In our opinion, a more accurate definition of star system can be stated : insofar as the stars’ box office power originates from artistic notoriety and/or popularity, the star system can also be defined as the exploitation of stars’ artistic notoriety and/or stars’popularity. Our aim consists in providing her…
Convergence of European regions (an approach by spatial econometrics)
2000
The aim of this paper is the analysis of spatial dependence in convergence processes applied to European regions. First, we apply the recently developed exploratory spatial data analysis (Anselin, 1996) in order to describe more precisely the geographical dynamics of European regional income growth patterns. New insights are brought to the usual cr-convergence measure, which hides geographical patterns that may fluctuate over time. Second, we test the presence of spatial autocorrelation in /^-convergence models by using spatial econometrics methods (Anselin, 1988 ; Anselin and Florax, 1995). We compare the results with and without spatial autocorrelation in order to assess the effect of geo…
The maximisation of the rate of financial profit
1991
On the traditional micro-economic theory, firms are supposed to maximise pure profit. We study what happened when we take into consideration shareholders and the financial profit remunerating the financial capital. We show that it is necessary to surrender the financial profit maximisation to use the rate of financial profit maximisation. The cases of concurrence with fix coefficient of capital, monopoly with fix coefficient of capital, monopoly with variable coefficient of capital are studied, and the role of contraints of rentability are treated. The solutions given by the profit maximisation and by the rate of profitmaximisation are compared. We conclude to a reduction of the volume of i…