Search results for "Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"
showing 10 items of 386 documents
Rainfall timing and runoff: The influence of the criterion for rain event separation
2016
Abstract Rain is not uniform in time and space in semiarid areas and its distribution is very important for the runoff process. Hydrological studies usually divide rainfall into events. However, defining rain events is complicated, and rain characteristics vary depending on how the events are delimited. Choosing a minimum inter-event time (MIT) is a commonly used criterion. Our hypothesis is that there will be an optimal MIT that explains the maximum part of the variance of the runoff, with time to runoff used as a surrogate. The objective is to establish a procedure in order to decide upon this optimal MIT. We developed regressions between time to runoff (T0) and three descriptive variable…
A Constructal Law optimization of a boiler inspired by Life Cycle thinking
2018
Abstract The aim of the paper is to explore how design optimization contributes to a technology's ecological evolution. The article develops this concept through an application of Constructal Law, used to account for the “evolution” of technologies design (configuration, shape, structure, pattern, rhythm), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), used for quantifying the environmental impacts of the design choices. The combination of both methods assesses how technology evolution affects the environment during its life, extending the concept of evolution of design. The study is applied to a case study of a real biomass boiler. The study analyses basic case and a series of alternative scenarios opti…
Electrosynthesis of 3,3′,5,5’-tetramethyl-2,2′-biphenol in flow
2020
Abstract3,3′,5,5’-Tetramethyl-2,2′-biphenol is well known as an outstanding building block for ligands in transition-metal catalysis and is therefore of particular industrial interest. The electro-organic method is a powerful, sustainable, and efficient alternative to conventional synthetic approaches to obtain symmetric and non-symmetric biphenols. Here, we report the successive scale-up of the dehydrogenative anodic homocoupling of 2,4-dimethylphenol (4) from laboratory scale to the technically relevant scale in highly modular narrow gap flow electrolysis cells. The electrosynthesis was optimized in a manner that allows it to be easily adopted to different scales such as laboratory, semit…
Using the ARP-03 for high-resolution mapping of calcic horizons
2013
A b s t r a c t. The aim of this work is to present a fast and cheap method for high-resolution mapping of calcic horizons in vineyards based on geoelectrical proximal sensing. The study area, 45 ha located in southern Sicily (Italy), was characterized by an old, partially dismantled marine terrace and soils with a calcic horizon at different depths. The geoelectrical investigation consisted of a survey of the soil electrical resistivity recorded with the Automatic Resistivity Profiling-03 sensor. The electrical resistivity values at three pseudo-depths, 0-50, 0-100 and 0-170 cm, were spatialized by means of ordinary kriging. A principal component analysis of the three electrical resistivit…
Biohydrology research after Landau 2013 conference
2014
Biohydrology gives a new view on hydrological research. The impact of biota on hydrological processes was a disregarded topic in the early years of hydrology research. It has been present since the 1960s, but as a „Cinderella“ research topic. It emerged as a new aspect of the hydrological processes after the 1980s. In the 21st century, it has become a well established research topic, bringing new knowledge to aid understanding on how biota influence the hydrological cycle and the rates of hydrological processes. The importance of biohydrology research is growing, and the number of conferences, publications and research projects is being doubled every decade. The 4th Biohydrology conference,…
Thematic Issue on Soil Water Infiltration
2017
Interpretive Summary: When water is applied to the land surface through irrigation or rainfall, it infiltrates into the soil surface and percolates deeper through the soil profile under the influence of gravity and capillary forces. Soil infiltration is one of the most complex processes within the terrestrial hydrologic cycle, yet the process is only partially understood. Infiltration is affected by the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, vegetation cover, rainfall, irrigation properties, and management practices. Measurement of infiltration rate is essential in studies concerning water budget, hydrology, runoff, erosion, irrigation, drainage and water conservation. Ho…
Determination in situ of the size distribution of the atmospheric aerosol
1975
Abstract The aim of the present study was the investigation of the in situ number/size distribution of the atmospheric aerosol in the size range between 0·05 and 2 μm radius. The experimental system consisted of a 4-channel integrating nephelometer, a 2-channel optical particle counter and a condensation nucleus counter. With a new inversion method, which had been tested previously by model computations and by measurements with artificial aerosols, the in situ size distribution was computed from the data of the experimental system.
Velocity measurements in the liquid metal flow driven by a two-phase inductor
2012
We present the results of velocity measurements obtained by ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and local potential probes in the flow of GaInSn eutectic melt driven by a two-phase inductor in a cylindrical container. This type of flow is expected in a recent modification to the floating zone technique for the growth of small-diameter single intermetallic compound crystals. We show that the flow structure can be changed from the typical two toroidal vortices to a single vortex by increasing the phase shift between the currents in the two coils from 0 to 90 degrees. The latter configuration is thought to be favourable for the growth of single crystals. The flow is also computed numerically and a …
Phase boundary dynamics of bubble flow in a thick liquid metal layer under an applied magnetic field
2020
Dynamic neutron radiography is used to observe the effect of a transverse magnetic field on argon bubbles rising through a thick layer of liquid gallium without interactions with the container walls.
MATLAB Analysis of SP Test Results—An Unusual Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity in Low Back Leg Pain: A Case Report
2022
The Skorupska Protocol (SP) test is a new validated tool used to confirm nociplastic pain related to muscles based on a pathological autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity due to muscle nociceptive noxious stimulation analyzed automatically. Two types of amplified vasomotor response are defined as possible: vasodilatation and vasoconstriction. Until now, amplified vasodilatation among low back leg pain and/or sciatica subjects in response to the SP test was confirmed. This case report presents an unusual vasomotor response to the SP test within the pain zone of a sciatica-like case. Conducted twice, the SP test confirmed amplified vasoconstriction within the daily complaint due to noxiousl…