Search results for "Forensic Science"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
Bloodstains on Leather: Examination of False Negatives in Presumptive Test and Human Hemoglobin Test.
2017
Presumptive tests for blood are very simple and sensitive tests used in the search for evidence. They also provide initial information on the nature of stains. A second test can confirm their nature. However, these tests can present false–negative results for different reasons. Some of those reasons have been studied, while others, those caused by the substrate material that contains the stain, are less well known. This work studies the effect of one component of a leather substrate—quebracho extract—on presumptive and human hemoglobin blood tests. Assays were performed using samples of blood dilutions contaminated with quebracho extract and others formed on a substrate containing the conta…
Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 Immunohistochemical Pattern in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles at Different Times after Death: An Experimental Study on PMI Esti…
2021
(1) Background: The estimation of the post mortem interval (PMI) is a challenge for forensic pathologists because data emerging from methods commonly applied are not always conclusive, since several conditions exist that may affect the reliability of these parameters. Thus, new approaches have been proposed to overcome such a limit. In recent years, several studies have been performed on proteins analyzing their expression/degradation patterns in relation to the progressing of the post mortem interval. (2) Methods: The immunoreactivity patterns of two apoptosis mediators—Caspase 9 and Caspase 3—have been tested in order to evaluate their potential role as markers of the post mortem interval…
Development of an Italian RM Y-STR haplotype database: Results of the 2013 GEFI collaborative exercise.
2015
Recently introduced rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (RM Y-STR) loci, displaying a multiple-fold higher mutation rate relative to any other Y-STRs, including those conventionally used in forensic casework, have been demonstrated to improve the resolution of male lineage differentiation and to allow male relative separation usually impossible with standard Y-STRs. However, large and geographically-detailed frequency haplotype databases are required to estimate the statistical weight of RM Y-STR haplotype matches if observed in forensic casework. With this in mind, the Italian Working Group (GEFI) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics launched a collaborative ex…
The CSI-education effect: Do potential criminals benefit from forensic TV series?
2018
Abstract Forensic series have become popular over the last two decades. They have raised the importance of forensic evidence in the eyes of the public (CSI effect). However, it has not been investigated to what extent criminals may learn about forensic evidence through these shows. We used multiple approaches to tackle this potential CSI-education effect. First, we analyzed crime statistics for crime and detection rate. Second, we asked convicted criminals about their impressions about the usefulness of crime shows for covering up a crime. Third, we asked fans of crime series and a control group of non-watchers to slip into the role of a criminal by enacting the cleaning up a murder crime s…
A Combined Non-Destructive and Micro-Destructive Approach to Solving the Forensic Problems in the Field of Cultural Heritage: Two Case Studies
2021
The present paper discusses the importance of non-destructive and micro-destructive technology in forensic investigations in the field of cultural heritage. Recent technological developments and the wide availability of modern analytical instrumentation are creating new possibilities for performing scientific measurements and acquiring data directly on-site—thereby limiting, where possible, sampling activity—as well as learning about the technologies and materials that were employed in the past to create cultural assets. Information on periods, chemical composition, manufacturing techniques, etc., can be gathered more easily. Overall, the benefits of on-site forensic investigations are mult…
The dead do not dress: contribution of forensic anthropology experiments to burial practices analysis
2012
International audience; The specific question of clothing presence in burial context is often answered positively, thanks to artifacts like brooches for example. But when artefacts are missing, the task is more difficult, and frequent osteological arguments can only suggest the presence of clothing with the deceased. The gap in determining the presence of clothing is essentially related to a misunderstanding of the effect of clothing on the rate of human decomposition, and thus on the final arrangement of bones (in both forensic and archaeological contexts). Some forensic experiments have been conducted in this regard (essentially in the United States) but no synthesis or archaeological app…
Analiza informacji: między kryminalistyką i prawem
2022
Analiza informacji jest pojęciem pojawiającym się szeroko we współ-czesnych realiach społecznych, gospodarczych, ekonomicznych czy prawnych. Nie omija ona również nauk prawnych czy nauk policyjnych, dając nowe możliwości rozwiązywania problemów kryminalnych, niejednokrotnie dostarczając również ciekawych i innowacyjnych narzędzi. Analiza informacji jako procedura myślowa, polegająca na działaniu zmierzającym do wskazania i zrozumienia związków między ludźmi, miejscami i zdarzeniami jest najistotniejszym, ale zarazem niewystarcza-jąco zbadanym obszarem współczesnej kryminalistyki. Celem tego arty-kułu jest przedstawienie Czytelnikowi istoty analizy informacji, określenie jej głównych cech, a…
Towards a "fingerprint" of paper network; separating forgeries from genuine by the properties of fibre structure
2014
A novel method is introduced for distinguishing counterfeit banknotes from genuine samples. The method is based on analyzing differences in the networks of paper fibers. The main tool is a curvelet-based algorithm for measuring the distribution of overall fiber orientation and quantifying its anisotropy. The use of a couple or more appropriate parameters makes it possible to distinguish forgeries from genuine samples as concentrated point clouds in a two- or three-dimensional parameter space. Furthermore, the techniques of making watermarks is investigated by comparing genuine and counterfeit e50 banknotes. In addition, the so-called wire markings are shown to differ significantly from each…
Testing the recoverability of grass DNA transferred to textiles for forensic purpose
2010
Botanical evidence such as grass stains on textiles is sometimes present in the crime scene and can allow investigators to establish an association between persons linked to the criminal event and the crime scene. In this study, extraction of grass DNA from stains on textiles was undertaken. DNA extraction was performed on four grass species conserved both indoors and outdoors for 7, 14 and 30 days after staining. Once the extracted DNA was quantified, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying a fragment of the internal transcribed spacer was performed.DNA extraction was successful in 97.5% of samples. No significant differences in the amount of extracted DNA were detected among species …
The Infanticide: Some Forensic and Ethical Issues
2013
Forensic investigation and clinical treatment of infanticide mother is occasion to reflect about this crime, related to social stigma. The forensic-psychiatric assessment must be anchored on authentic and meaningful clinical relationship to criminal mother, without misinterpretation and controtransferal dynamics, such as emotional reactions of mistrust and stigmatization toward the offender, which prevent the evaluator from a correct psychological and psychopathological comprehension. Otherwise, diachronic, multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation may lead to strategies for treatment and rehabilitation, which can bring the patient to regain his dignity, his working capacities and social role…