Search results for "Forensic"
showing 10 items of 1701 documents
The molecular characterization of a depurinated trial DNA sample can be a model to understand the reliability of the results in forensic genetics
2014
The role of DNA damage in PCR processivity/fidelity is a relevant topic in molecular investigation of aged/forensic samples. In order to reproduce one of the most common lesions occurring in postmortem tissues, a new protocol based on aqueous hydrolysis of the DNA was developed in vitro. Twenty-five forensic laboratories were then provided with 3.0 μg of a trial sample (TS) exhibiting, in mean, the loss of 1 base of 20, and a molecular weight below 300 bp. Each participating laboratory could freely choose any combination of methods, leading to the quantification and to the definition of the STR profile of the TS, through the documentation of each step of the analytical approaches selected. …
Analysis of microbiota in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2014
To identify the bacterial diversity (microbiota) in expectorated sputum, a pyrosequencing method that investigates complex microbial communities of expectorated sputum was done in 19 stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (mean (SD) FEV1: 47 (18%) of predicted value). Using conventional culture, 3 phyla and 20 bacterial genera were identified, whereas the pyrosequencing approach detected 9 phyla and 43 genera (p < 0.001). In sputum the prevalent genera with pyrosequencing approach were Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Rothia, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Veillonella. Enterobacteriaceae, detected frequently in convent…
PCR testing for Treponema pallidum in paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens: test design and impact on the diagnosis of syphilis
2007
Background: Syphilis, a chronic infection caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), is a disease which is increasing in incidence, and thus more and more becoming a differential diagnosis in routine pathology. Aim: Since histological changes are not specific, we sought to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular assay for the detection of T. pallidum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and evaluate its diagnostic power, especially in comparison with other ancillary methods, i.e. immunohistochemistry and Dieterle staining. Methods: 36 skin biopsies with the clinical and /or serological diagnosis of syphilis were evaluated by morphology, immunohistochemistry and s…
Vulnerability of a Damaged Bridge Abutment in a Seismic Area
2018
The case of the abutment of a motorway urban viaduct damaged by human intervention is presented. Built in the 1960s, it lies in a critical seismic area and the human-induced damage involved the elements of the abutment foundation. The structure is geometrically complex and the evaluations of its structural safety were carried out by applying Italian codes from different times: those concerning the time of construction, those of a recent past (1996), and those of the present (2008), inspired by Eurocodes. A comparison between the safety checks performed and the requirements of all these codes is presented and discussed, especially regarding safety coefficients after the damage was done. Two …
A brief history of the formation of DNA databases in forensic science within Europe.
2001
The introduction of DNA analysis to forensic science brought with it a number of choices for analysis, not all of which were compatible. As laboratories throughout Europe were eager to use the new technology different systems became routine in different laboratories and consequently, there was no basis for the exchange of results. A period of co-operation then started in which a nucleus of forensic scientists agreed on an uniform system. This collaboration spread to incorporate most of the established forensic science laboratories in Europe and continued through two major changes in the technology. At each step agreement was reached on which systems to use. From the beginning it was realise…
Strukturētu datu grafu vizualizācija virtuālā realitātē kā rīks lai asistētu noziegumu digitālā izmeklēšanā
2022
Maģistra darbā „Strukturētu datu grafu vizualizācija virtuālā realitātē kā rīks lai asistētu noziegumu digitālā izmeklēšanā” tiek apskatīti pētījumi par datu apstrādes metodēm digitālā izmeklēšanā un datu attēlošanas paņēmieniem. Darba mērķis ir, balstoties uz pētījumu analīzi, izstrādāt reālus un funkcionējošus, divus savstarpēji atkarīgus, rīku prototipus, kas veiktu kriminālprocesa laikā izgūto datu apstrādi, izveidojot starp tām saistības, vienā un veiktu skaidru un saprotamu apstrādāto datu attēlošanu otrā.
MCMI-III Profiles of Convicted Contact Sexual Offenders: A Cluster Analysis
2019
As suggested by previous research, the study of personality traits among sexual offenders could be an important consideration in the understanding of sexual offending. This study aims to explore the possibility of classifying sexual offenders according to their personality profiles. Based on the MCMI-III scores of 97 convicted contact sexual offenders, a cluster hierarchical analysis was performed. Next, the groups were characterized according to their sociodemographic and criminological variables and significant differences between them were sought. The two clusters found did not show different MCMI-III prototypical personality profiles, and both groups only varied in the degree of general…
Predisposición genética en el consumo de alcohol: el caso de la Alcohol Deshidrogenasa 1C
2007
Introduccion: El consumo de alcohol se presenta frecuentemente asociado a determinados delitos, siendo en unas ocasiones atenuante o eximente, y en otras una infraccion penal per se. Se han identificado numerosos factores geneticos y ambientales que predisponen al consumo de alcohol. Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar la prevalencia del polimorfismo Ile349Val en la alcohol deshidrogenasa 1C que da lugar a la isoforma gamma 2 (metabolizador lento), y estudiar su asociacion con el consumo de alcohol asi como reflexionar sobre la dimension de la implicacion de estas variantes geneticas en la Medicina Legal. Material y Metodos: Se ha genotipado el polimorfismo Ile 349Val en 869 individuos proced…
The fine structure of denervated and reinnervated muscle spindles: morphometric study of intrafusal muscle fibers.
1979
The fine structure of normal, denervated, and reinnervated muscle spindles in lower lumbrical muscles of rats was studied morphometrically at time intervals ranging from 3-14 months. In control spindles, the mean transverse area of mitochondria was estimated to be more than twice as large in nuclear chain than in typical nuclear bag fibers. Following denervation, there was a severe decrease of the mean number and transverse area of mitochondria, and a moderate, but statistically significant decrease of the mean transverse area of intrafusal muscle fibers (IMFs) despite an increase of the number of IMFs. At 12-14 months of reinnervation, changes of the transverse areas of IMFs were statistic…
DNA-fragmentation and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in experimentally denervated and reinnervated rat facial muscle
1997
Muscle fibres may undergo apoptotic cell death in several neuromuscular disorders such as denervated muscle fibres in spinal muscular atrophies. We investigated DNA-fragmentation (in situ by the TUNEL-method) and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in experimentally denervated and reinnervated rat facial muscle up to 24 weeks after surgery to evaluate the rate and time lapse of apoptotic muscle fibre loss. While denervated muscle displayed constantly high rates of DNA-fragmentation, denervated and immediately reinnervated muscle showed a distinct decrease of primarily elevated DNA-cleavage, finally resembling rates of normal controls. Denervated muscle fibres revealed strong immunor…