Search results for "Forestal"
showing 10 items of 1240 documents
Could cattle ranching and soybean cultivation be sustainable? A systematic review and a meta-analysis for the Amazon
2021
Abstract: Tropical forests are being destroyed to make space for agricultural activities with the assumption that they are required to feed the growing global population. Consequently, more sustainable practices are needed to guarantee food security and environmental protection of highly threatened natural biodiversity hotspots like the Amazon rainforest. Cattle ranching and soybean cultivation are by far the greater drivers of land use change and deforestation in the Amazon region. We performed a systematic review of papers related to these two main drivers and a meta-analysis on the effects of sustainable practices on different ecosystem services. The results of the review highlight a lar…
Increasing tree survival to facilitate the conversion of conventional systems to agroforestry systems using plant growing aids and plant-plant facili…
2022
Several global commitments have established a compromise to greatly increase the presence of trees in agricultural lands, fostering therefore the adoption of agroforestry systems and the destination of some areas for reforestation. Such tasks are challenging, particularly under the current climate change scenarios, and several studies have demonstrated a high risk of seedling mortality under harsh and extremely variable environmental conditions, calling for solutions that must increase the success and reduce the costs of growing a tree. In this study, inside the project LIFE Desert Adapt, we tested the effects of different types of growing aids such as shelters, mulching and innovative meth…
Bird abundance and richness in ten Mediterranean agroforestry systems
2019
Since the last century agriculture is strongly promoting the simplification of the landscape. The LIFE Desert Adapt project is been developed across 1000 hectares in Italy, Spain, Portu-gal and has the objective of implementing integrative agroforestry-based land use planning and management, and one of the indicators to evaluate the project effectiveness is birds richness and abundance. Here we present the results of the first assessment and explore the relationships with the main vegetation cover types. We established 68 sampling points where we recorded bird abundance and richness. In total we registered 57 bird species, sampling points surrounded by woodlands presented 50 species, while …
The transformation of agricultural systems into agro-forestry systems as a system of adaptation to climate and economic changes: some Sicilian case s…
2021
Many traditional agricultural systems show different limits both in ecological and economic terms. These limits are exacerbated by the increasingly extreme climatic conditions which in the southern regions are manifested essentially in a concentration of rainfall and in increasingly intense dry periods. As part of the LIFE (Desert Adapt) project, some companies involved in the project are modifying their cultivation systems without changing the land use destination. This appears possible by introducing elements of diversification which make the system more resilient as a whole but which guarantees safer economic resources. In particular, in the case of a "classic" agricultural company Calta…
The transformation of agricultural systems into agro-forestry systems as a mechanism of adaptation to climate and economic changes: some Sicilian cas…
2021
Many traditional agricultural systems show different limits both in ecological and economic terms. These limits are exacerbated by the increasingly extreme climatic conditions which in the southern regions are manifested essentially in a concentration of rainfall and in increasingly intense dry periods. As part of the LIFE (Desert Adapt) project, some companies involved in the project are modifying their cultivation systems without changing the land use destination. This appears possible by introducing elements of diversification which make the system more resilient as a whole but which guarantees safer economic resources. In particular, in the case of a "classic" agricultural company Calta…
Il ruolo del fico d’india nei processi di recupero spontaneo della vegetazione arborea in aree a rischio di desertificazione della Sicilia
2019
In aree sensibili al rischio di desertificazione, individuare modalità appropriate per favorire il recupero delle dinamiche evolutive naturali, e la ricostituzione di ecosistemi e cenosi forestali in equilibrio con le condizioni macroclimatiche, è di estrema importanza. A seguito dell’intenso sfruttamento antropico dei secoli passati, infatti, vaste aree interne e marginali del Mediterraneo si presentano ormai del tutto prive di copertura forestale, sono fortemente suscettibili all’innesco di diffusi processi erosivi e sono interessate da dinamiche vegetazionali regressive. Per valutare il possibile ruolo ecologico giocato dal fico d’india (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) nel promuovere di…
Densità, ricchezza, struttura demografica e spaziale della rigenerazione naturale in un rimboschimento in aree pascolate: competizione o facilitazion…
2019
Nell’ultimo secolo migliaia di ettari in Europa sono stati riforestati soprattutto dopo l’abbandono delle attività agricole. Tale attività ha consentito di ridurre i fenomeni di degrado ma nonostante ciò non è raro vedere rimboschimenti che ancora mantengono la struttura e composizione iniziale. Da questo fatto emerge la necessità di capire i meccanismi che limitano la rigenerazione naturale, anche se per buona parte di questi rimboschimenti ancora mancano indicatori di base sulla demografia delle specie che caratterizzano questa rigenerazione. Questo studio ha avuto come obiettivo analizzare la ricchezza, la densità e la struttura demografica e spaziale delle piante legnose che si insedian…
Cattle seed dispersal services and perspectives for management in a high biodiversity Mediterranean silvopastoral system
2019
In Mediterranean traditional silvopastoral systems are composed mostly with oaks, with an overall lack of fleshy-fruited species, key elements in Mediterranean flora. A mixed composition may enhance biodiversity and diversify fodder for livestock, and at the same time guarantee higher resistance, resilience and a richer network of ecological interactions. Here we investigated the interactions of cattle and native fleshy-fruited species in a high biodiversity silvopastoral system inside the last large forest remnant in western Sicily, Italy. Along two fruiting seasons we used sampling transects covering the gradient from the forest to the pastureland and analyzed 132 cattle dungs, of which 4…
Recovery of cork forests and enhancement of by-products
2022
Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is a tree species native to the western Mediterranean Basin (EUFORGEN 2019). Cork oak forests are human-shaped ecosystems that have to be managed to be preserved in a long-term perspective. Cork oak stands range from closed forests to open woodlands, provide high ecosystem services, mainly through cork production, support high biodiversity and provide carbon storage and water regulation services. Due to their important ecological role, these ecosystems are listed in the European Habitats Directive (Habitat 9330: Quercus suber forests, EEC, 1992). In the last years, especially in Italy, cork oak stands are undergoing a relevant regression due to the decline of tra…
La struttura spaziale della successione secondaria delle piante legnose in un pascolo mediterraneo
2018
Negli ultimi decenni molte aree agricole e pastorali dell’Europa e del Mediterraneo sono state abbandonate o hanno subito importanti cambiamenti nell'intensità dell'uso antropico, determinando processi di successione secondaria a volte anche rapidi dopo secoli di attività agricola determinando in alcuni casi un forte cambiamento nelle proporzioni tra aree agricole e aree forestali in molti paesi tra cui l’Italia. Nonostante molti studi abbiano descritto gli aspetti fitosociologici e strutturali di questa successione secondaria in diverse aree del Mediterraneo, la maggior parte di questi studi sono stati condotti su larga scala, con pochi dati disponibili riguardo alla struttura spaziale svi…