Search results for "Fracture"
showing 10 items of 873 documents
Do We Need a Separate Classification for Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis?
2019
Fragility fractures of the pelvis are occurring with increasing frequency. These fractures, occurring in the geriatric patient population, are low-energy injuries and are dissimilar in many ways from those caused by high-energy trauma. For example, the mechanism of injury is different and emergency treatment is usually not necessary. Having diminished bone strength, fragility fracture lines follow areas of low bone mineral density and loss of pelvic stability may increase over time. Based on our clinical experience, we propose a comprehensive classification of pelvic fragility fractures separate from the existing pelvic ring injury classification to provide a framework for distinguishing th…
First Published Record of a Neurosurgical Procedure on the North American Continent, Mexico City, by Pedro Arias de Benavides, 1561:Secretos de Chiru…
2000
The first published account of a neurosurgical intervention performed on the North American continent is described. The operation took place in Mexico City in 1561. The neurosurgical intervention was performed by a Spanish surgeon, Pedro Arias de Benavides, on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial fracture and exposed the cerebrum. A description of this case was first published in Valladolid, Spain, 6 years after the event, in a book entitled Secretos de Chirurgia ("Secrets of Surgery").
Low bone mineral density in HIV-positive young Italians and migrants.
2020
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals may have osteoporosis. We aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in naïve antiretroviral (ARV) treated HIV positive patients comparing native Italian group (ItG) to a Migrants group (MiG) upon arrival in Italy. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 83 HIV patients less than 50 years old. We used the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within six months from the HIV diagnosis. Participants were categorized as having low BMD if the femoral neck or total lumbar spine Z-score was– 2 or less. Results MiG showed low BMD more often than ItG (37.5% vs.13.6%), especially for the female gender (16.7% vs. 0.0%). …
Statins, Fracture Risk, and Bone Remodeling: What Is True?
2006
Besides the action on plasma lipid levels, statins show a series of ancillary effects defined as all of their vascular and nonvascular effects independent from the cholesterol reduction. It has been recently hypothesized that one of these ancillary effects could be the improvement of bone health, due to the interference with bone metabolism. This may potentially represent the rationale for statins' use in the treatment of osteoporosis, the most common disease of the bone. Both experimental observations and clinical studies on this topic generated a number of conflicting results; however, the largest randomized clinical trials, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), Long Term Inte…
Mortality Risk Among Older People Who Did Versus Did Not Sustain a Fracture: Baseline Prefracture Strength and Gait Speed as Predictors in a 15-Year …
2019
Abstract Background Physiological reserve, as indicated by muscle strength and gait speed, may be especially determinant of survival in people who are exposed to a health stressor. We studied whether the association between strength/speed and mortality risk would be stronger in the time period after a fracture compared to other time periods. Methods Participants were population-based sample of 157 men and 325 women aged 75 and 80 years at baseline. Maximal 10-m gait speed and maximal isometric grip and knee extension strength were tested at the baseline before the fracture. Subsequent fracture incidence and mortality were followed up for 15 years. Cox regression analysis was used to estimat…
Classification of functioning and assessment of fracture risk of a large Italian osteoporotic population. The physiatric approach to osteoporosis pro…
2015
Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporotic fractures cause significant morbidity, disability, and decrease in quality of life. Aim: The aims of the Physiatric Approach To Osteoporosis (PATO) project were to classify osteoporotic patients with or without fragility fractures, using the Brief ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) Core Set for Osteoporosis and to calculate the fracture risk with the WHO FRAX® (World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) algorithm. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Seventy-nine Italian Rehabilitation S…
Leg ulcer and osteomyelitis due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection after fracture repair treatment: a case highlighting the p…
2015
Prostaglandins appear to reduce biofilm formation and chronicization of infections, and stimulate a rapid and effective clearance of infecting micro-organisms. We report a case of recovery from methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) osteomyelitis after multidisciplinary management with antibiotics, anti-thrombotics and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) vasodilator, in a patient with tibial plateau fracture repaired with internal fixation devices. A 47-year-old HIV-negative male with chronic ulcer on the proximal third of the left leg was admitted to the Orthopaedic Unit of the Orestano Clinic in Palermo, Italy, for suspected osteomyelitis. A biopsy of the skin ulcer and blood cultures w…
Fatal attack on a pedestrian by an escaped circus elephant
2019
Abstract We report the case of a 65-year-old man who was attacked and killed by a female elephant that had previously escaped from a nearby circus. According to a witness the man was lifted up by the tusks, flung into the air and stomped upon. At autopsy the body showed signs of severe blunt force trauma and impalement, including multiple lacerations of the skin, a crushed thorax, a spinal fracture and a fractured humerus. The spinal cord and the major abdominal vessels were severed. There have been very few elephant attacks in Europe; this is the first reported case in Germany.
Short-term effect of zoledronic acid upon fracture resistance of the mandibular condyle and femoral head in an animal model
2013
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects in terms of resistance to fracture of the mandibular condyle and femoral head following different doses of zoledronic acid in an animal model. Study design: A total of 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in a prospective randomized study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of 20 rats each. Group 1 (control) received sterile saline solution, while groups 2, 3 and 4 received a accumulated dose of 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg of zoledronic acid, respectively. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the last dose, and the right hemimandible and the right femur were removed. The fracture strength was measured …
Augmentation of tibial plateau fractures with an injectable bone substitute: CERAMENT™. Three year follow-up from a prospective study
2015
Background: Reduction of tibial plateau fractures and maintain a level of well aligned congruent joint is key to a satisfactory clinical outcome and is important for the return to pre-trauma level of activity. Stable internal fixation support early mobility and weight bearing. The augmentation with bone graft substitute is often required to support the fixation to mantain reduction. For these reasons there has been development of novel bone graft substitutes for trauma applications and in particular synthetic materials based on calcium phosphates and/or apatite combined with calcium sulfates. Injectable bone substitutes can optimize the filling of irregular bone defects. The purpose of this…