Search results for "Fragmentation"

Glass fibre strength distribution determined by common experimental methods

2002

The tensile strength of brittle fibres is routinely described by the Weibull distribution. The parameters of the distribution can be obtained from tests on single fibres and fibre bundles or from model composite tests. However, there is growing evidence that the distribution parameters obtained by different experimental techniques differ systematically. In order to investigate the possible causes of such discrepancies, single-fibre tension, fibre bundle, and single-fibre fragmentation tests are employed in this study to obtain strength distribution of commercial E-glass fibres. The results reveal parameter dependence on the approach used to extract the distribution parameters from experimen…

Mass spectra of chlorinated esters: 2—Methyl mono- and dichlorobutanoates

1982

The mass spectral fragmentations of methyl mono- and dichlorobutanates have been studied. Deutrium labelling and metastable ion analysis were used to elucidate the fragmentation mechanisms. The molecular ion peaks of the esters are weak and show only in the spectra of the monochloro isomers. A McLafferty rearrangement gives the base peaks in the spectra of methyl 2-chloro-, 4-chloro- and 4,4-dichlorobutanoate; α-cleavage, [COOCH3]+, in methyl 2,2- and 2,4-dichlorobutanoate; [MCl]+, in methyl 3-chlorobutanoate; [MClHCl]+, in methyl 3,4-dichlorobutanoate; [MClCH2CO]+, in methyl 3,3-dichlorobutanoate and [MClCOOCH3]+˙, in methyl erythro- and threo-2,3-dichlorobutanoate. The mass spectra of the…

Mass spectra of halogenated esters 5—Chloromethyl esters of aliphatic C2C12n-carboxylic acids and their monochlorinated derivatives

1984

A study has been made of the mass spectral fragmentation upon electron impact of aliphatic C2C12 chloromethyl esters and all their 66 monochlorinated derivatives. The fragmentation pathways of the parent chloromethyl esters were elucidated with the aid of the 1st FFR metastable ions. A McLafferty rearrangement gives the base peak in the C6C11 parent esters and in almost all the 4-chloro and ω-chloro isomers. The subsequent loss of HCl gives a very characteristic peak of the chloromethyl esters and their (3-ω)-chloro derivatives at m/z 72, [C3H4O2]+. The 2-chloro isomers have the corresponding chlorine-containing fragment ion at m/z 106/108. The mass spectra of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and ω-chloro is…

Mass spectra of halogenated esters. 7. Methyl esters of 2-chloro C2C20n-alkanoic acids

1988

The mass spectral fragmentation of a homologous series of methyl esters of 2-chloro n-alkanoic acids ranging from acetic (C2) to eicosanoic (C20) acid on electron impact has been investigated. The fragmentation pathways were elucidated with the aid of the first field-free region metastable ions, the results being presented with one compound, i.e. with ionized methyl 2-chloro-octauoate. Owing to the Cl/H exchanges and to the formation of the non-chlorinated parent esters prior to the fragmentations the spectra show the peak pairs with and without the chlorine atom. The effects become more evident with increasing chain length; shown most visually by the abundance ratios of the McLafferty rear…

Can digitisation help overcome linguistic and strategic disadvantages in international media markets? Exploring cross-border business opportunities f…

2018

The media economy and production literature offers insights into the international activities of media companies that provide products in ‘world languages’. Researchers point out that English-language content and, thus, English-language companies have a linguistic advantage and dominate the global media market. In comparison, there is limited knowledge of how companies that originate from non-dominant-language territories expand their activities abroad. This is all the more relevant as digitisation and fragmentation transform markets and new business opportunities arise. Against this background, we ask whether media companies from non-dominant-language markets can benefit from new constell…

Agri-urban patterns in Mediterranean urban regions: the case study of Pisa

2020

International audience; Urban regions require planning tools in order to manage agricultural areas under urban pressure. The aim of our paper is to test an analytical framework that combines both the composition in urban and agricultural land covers and their spatial configuration into four general agri-urban patterns: isolated fields, urban belt fields, periurban agricultural areas and rural areas. We evaluated the spatial distribution and the changes of such patterns in the short-term (2003-2011) starting from Spot images for the case study of Pisa, Italy. The results indicate an increase of the most urban patterns despite continuing to have cash crops, a stability of periurban agricultur…

Dune systems' characterization and evolution in the andalusia mediterranean coast (Spain)

2020

This paper deals with the characterization and evolution of dune systems along the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, in the South of Spain, a first step to assess their relevant value in coastal flood protection and in the determination of sound management strategies to protect such valuable ecological systems. Different dune types were mapped as well as dune toe position and fragmentation, which favors dune sensitivity to storms&rsquo

Implications of SP-C Oligomerization in Membrane Fragmentation and Pulmonary Surfactant Homeostasis

2021

Mass spectra of chlorinated veratroles (1,2-dimethoxybenzenes)

1987

The behaviour of all nine chlorinated veratroles (1,2-dimethoxybenzenes) under electron impact has been investigated. The most common fragmentation processes are interpreted using metastable ion analysis and deuterium labelled compounds. For all compounds studied, the most common fragmentation route seems to be the primary loss of a methyl radical followed by loss of carbon monoxide. The ion formed has a well-known quinonoid structure and fragments by several routes elucidated by metastable ion analysis. In general, the spectra of the positional isomers are shown to be practically similar and it is apparent that e.g. the 3- and 4-chloro isomers can be differentiated only from the abundance …

Time resolved photofragmentation of Au $_{n}^{+}$ and Ag $_{n}^{+}$ clusters (n = 9, 21)

1997

Gold and silver cluster ions were produced by laser vaporization and stored in a Penning trap. After mass selection the cluster sizes of interest were illuminated by a laser pulse and electronically excited. Photoabsorption cross sections and fragmentation patterns were measured for photon energies of 2.3 eV to 5.2 eV. Unimolecular dissociation was observed time resolved on a microsecond to millisecond scale. Dissociation energies were deduced from the measured life times.