Search results for "Freedom"
showing 10 items of 458 documents
2020
Freely available healthcare, universally accessible to the population of citizens, is a key ideal for European welfare systems. As labor migration of the twentieth century gave way to the globalized streams of the twenty-first century, new challenges to fulfilling these ideals have emerged. The principle of freedom of movement, together with large-scale forced migration have led to large scale movements of people, making new demands on European healthcare systems which had previously been largely focused on meeting sedentary local populations' needs. Drawing on interviews with service providers working for NGOs and public healthcare systems and with policy makers across 10 European countrie…
OS ECJ-TF 3/2015 on the Decision of the European Court of Justice in C.G. Sopora (Case C-512/13), on 'Horizontal Discrimination'
2015
This article deals with the decision taken by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Sopora (Case C-512/13), which was decided by the Grand Chamber of the ECJ on 24 February 2015. It concerns the question of whether a specific requirement to obtain a tax advantage for foreign (incoming) workers violates the freedom of movement of workers (Art. 45 TFEU). This case prominently raises the issue of a differentiation not between nationals and non-nationals (i.e., "vertical discrimination"), but rather between different non-nationals (i.e., "horizontal discrimination") in the context of the taxation of payments of deemed employment expenses ("extraterritorial costs"). By clearly accepting …
Uncertain sunset lives: British migrants facing Brexit in Spain
2020
One of the most concerned groups potentially impacted by the approval of Brexit in 2016 is that of the so-called “Brexpats”. This group of people is composed by at least 784,900 British citizens who are living in the European Union (EU), among which those settling in Spain are the most prominent. Spanish Brexpats are the largest British population outside the borders of the UK, except for in the Commonwealth territories. They have some peculiar characteristics, such as an advanced average age compared to other EU destinations; a large number of people living off the radar; geographical concentration within coastal areas; and a certain social isolation. In this context, the succession of new…
Media effects on policy preferences toward free movement: evidence from five EU member states
2020
In a time when freedom of movement is being challenged by an increasing number of European Union member states, and where immigration has been dominating public debate for years, this study investi...
Information disorder. Learning to recognize fake news
2022
The advent of the internet and digital platforms has revolutionised the way information is produced and disseminated. The aim of this paper was to examine whether it is possible to draw from Article 21 of the Italian Constitution that there is a right to good information, as an expression of the rights to be informed and to receive information. It also looked at what form of regulation is possible for the dissemination of information on the Web in order to ensure that it is true, objective, and unbiased and whether public- only regulation, private- only regulation or a form of co- regulation, which seems to be model chosen in the EU’s draft Regulation, the so- called Digital Services Act, i…
The proportionality of limitations of freedom of expression in the context of suppression of terrorism under the Council of Europe Convention on the …
2021
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the equilibrium between the suppression of incitement of terrorism and the rights of freedom of expression, established by the Council of Europe. Freedom of expression is an important element for a democratic society. Nevertheless, states are under an obligation to ensure the right to life of people within their jurisdiction. Recognising the devastating effect of violent terrorist attacks, the Council of Europe in 2005 adopted the Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, which was the first legal instrument imposing an obligation on the State Parties to penalise incitement (provocation) of terrorism. The paramount importance in the Convention is devot…
Economic freedom and fundamental rights: freedom to conduct business in the multilevel european legal system
2012
La libertad de empresa es utilizada como pretexto para ilustrar las relaciones y jerarquías entre libertades económicas comunitarias y derechos fundamentales en el ordenamiento multinivel europeo. Su estrecha relación con las libertades económicas comunitarias y con el objetivo del mercado interior, han dotado a la libertad de empresa de una especial fortaleza a la hora de dirimir sus eventuales conflictos con otros derechos acogidos aparentemente en pie de igualdad en la reciente redefinición de los objetivos de la UE. Por otro lado, cuando esta primacía se transplanta al ordenamiento interno se corre el riesgo de alterar los equilibrios del sistema de derechos de los Estados, anclados …
The Economics of Freedom. Theory, Measure and Policy Implications
2012
What is freedom? Can we measure it? Does it affect policy? This book develops an original measure of freedom called 'Autonomy Freedom', consistent with J. S. Mill's view of autonomy, and applies it to issues in policy and political design. The work pursues three aims. First, it extends classical liberalism beyond exclusive reliance on negative freedom so as to take autonomous behavior explicitly into account. Second, it grounds on firm conceptual foundations a new standard in the measurement of freedom that can be fruitfully coupled with existing gauges. Third, it shows empirically that individual preferences for redistribution and cross-country differences in welfare spending in Organisati…
Empowering Media Citizenship through Educommunication
2014
En el presente artículo se analiza el concepto de ciudadanía en sus diferentes significaciones (ciudadanía política, jurídica, social, económica, ecológica e intercultural), con el fin de justificar la actualidad del concepto de ciudadanía mediática, sobre todo por su validez en el ámbito de la educomunicación. El objetivo último es reconstruir la dimensión social, ética y política de la educomunicación a partir de un fundamento filosófico práctico. En esta tarea de fundamentación, cabe apelar a dos enfoques muy potentes en la actualidad como son la ética dialógica y el enfoque de las capacidades, por su vinculación con el ámbito comunicativo y por su contribución a la noción del desarrollo…
Measuring autonomy freedom
2006
In the measurement of autonomy freedom, the admissible potential preference relations are elicited by means of the concept of ‘reasonableness’. In this paper we argue for an alternative criterion based on information about the decision maker’s ‘awareness’ of his available opportunities. We argue that such an inter- pretation of autonomy fares better than that based on reasonableness. We then introduce some axioms that capture this intuition and study their logical impli- cations. In the process, a new measure of autonomy freedom is characterized, which generalizes some of the measures so far constructed in the literature.