Search results for "Fuel Technology"
showing 10 items of 323 documents
An Experimental Study of In-Cylinder Heat Transfer from a Pressurized Motored Engine with Varying Peak Bulk Gas Temperatures
2022
The variation of in-cylinder heat transfer with parameters such as engine speed, air-to-fuel ratio, coolant temperature and compression ratio were frequently studied in classical research. These experimentally-obtained relationships are important for improving in-cylinder heat transfer models, essential in developing CO2 reducing strategies. In this publication, a 2.0 liter compression ignition engine was tested in the pressurized motored configuration. This developed experimental setup allowed testing of the engine at speeds ranging between 1400 rpm and 3000 rpm, with peak in-cylinder gas pressures from 40 bar to 100 bar. The engine was motored using different gas compositions chosen speci…
Potential applications of Salinity Gradient Power-Heat Engines for recovering low-temperature waste heat in cogeneration plants
2021
Abstract Salinity Gradient Power-Heat Engine is an innovative technology able to convert very low-temperature heat into electricity. Energy and economic benefits could be achieved by integrating this technology into cogeneration plants, where the exploitation of waste heat available during the operation could increase the revenues arising from “High-Efficiency” labels. For the first time, this paper proposes two potential applications in this field, and three illustrative case studies are purposely investigated. In the first case study, a salinity gradient-heat engine converts the waste heat available from a cogeneration plant serving an industrial process. In the second case study, a salin…
Towards a business model for second-life batteries: Barriers, opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies
2023
Electric vehicles (EVs) and the recent pandemic outbreak give cities a new trend to primarily private and shared mobility with low noise and less air pollution. Crucial factors for the widespread of EVs are the electrical charging infrastructure, driving range, and the reduction of the cost of battery packets. For this reason, there is a massive effort from manufacturers, governments, and the scientific community to reduce battery costs and boost sustainable electrical production and distribution. Battery reuse is an alternative to reduce batteries’ costs and environmental impacts. Second-life batteries can be used in a wide variety of secondary applications. Second-life batteries can be co…
Sampling procedure in a willow plantation for chemical elements important for biomass combustion quality
2015
Willow (Salix spp.) is expected to contribute significantly to the woody bioenergy system in the future, so more information on how to sample the quality of the willow biomass is needed. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial variation of elements within shoots of a willow clone ‘Tordis’, and to reveal the relationship between sampling position, shoot diameters, and distribution of elements. Five Tordis willow shoots were cut into 10–50 cm sections from base to top. The ash content and concentration of twelve elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Si, and Zn) in each section were determined. The results showed large spatial variation in the distribution of mos…
Utilisation du numérique par les enseignants à l’université : description et analyse des facteurs explicatifs
2019
Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la nature des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) mobilisées par les enseignants universitaires pour enseigner et aux facteurs explicatifs de cette utilisation. Nous procédons d’abord à un éclairage théorique notamment concernant les concepts de « TIC » et d’« utilisation ». Puis, à l’appui des données recueillies en mai 2016 auprès de 248 enseignants d’une université française, nous montrons que les TIC mobilisées par les enseignants à l’intérieur, mais aussi en dehors des heures de cours, sont plutôt d’ordre générique en opposition aux technologies plus sophistiquées. Les enseignants utilisent par ailleurs davantage les TIC …
Production of vegetable oil-based biofuels—Thermochemical behavior of fatty acid sodium salts during pyrolysis
2009
Abstract To develop an advanced pyrolysis process for various biomass-derived feedstocks and improve product quality and yield, in-depth investigations into the reaction mechanisms are needed. This paper reports on pyrolysis experiments (Py-GC/MSD and FID) with model compounds including the sodium salts of stearic (C18), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids principally obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of vegetable oils. Of the parameters studied – temperature (450–750 °C), time (20 s and 80 s), and the degree of unsaturation (i.e., saturated and mono- and dienoic C18-hydrocarbon chains) – the latter had the most significant effect on the formation of volatile compounds detected in pyr…
Influence of doped charge transport layers on efficient perovskite solar cells
2018
Planar vacuum deposited p–i–n methyl ammonium lead tri-iodide perovskite solar cells are prepared with different electron and hole transporting layers, either doped or undoped. The effect of these layers on the solar cells performance (efficiency and stability) is studied. The main benefit of using doped layers lies in the formation of barrier free charge extraction contacts to the electrodes. However, this comes at the cost of increased residual absorption (reducing the current density and efficiency of the cells) and a decreased stability. A generic solar cell structure using undoped charge extraction layers is presented, containing a thin layer of a strong electron acceptor in between th…
Determination of octane numbers of gasoline compounds from their chemical structure by 13C NMR spectroscopy and neural networks
2001
Abstract A new theoretical model has been developed which explains the association between the molecular structure and the knock resistance of individual gasoline compounds convincingly. The constitutions of more than 300 individual gasoline components were correlated with their knock rating (Blending Research Octane Number, BRON) simultaneously. 13C NMR spectra of all compounds were binned in 28 chemical shift regions of different size. The number of individual carbon signals of the nearly 2500 carbons was counted in each shift region and was combined with the information about the presence or absence of the structure groups Oxygen, Rings, Aromatics, aliphatic Chains and oLefins (ORACL). T…
A dish-stirling solar concentrator coupled to a seasonal thermal energy storage system in the southern mediterranean basin: A cogenerative layout hyp…
2020
Abstract In the future, renewable energy sources will increasingly represent an efficient energy source capable of meeting the demands of residential and industrial buildings avoiding the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In this paper, a heat and electric power cogeneration plant implementing a field of dish-Stirling collectors, a seasonal geothermal storage and a system of water-to-water heat pumps is proposed for the first time. The cogeneration plant has been designed both to supply thermal energy to the heating system of Building 9 of the Department of Engineering in Palermo and to produce electricity. The operation of the plant has been tested by means of hourly-based…
Process analysis of a biomass-based quad-generation plant for combined power, heat, cooling, and synthetic natural gas production
2015
Abstract A new concept for upgrading distributed co-generation plants to quad-generation plants, which combine the production of power, heating, cooling and synthetic natural gas (SNG), is designed and analyzed. Five cases with SNG production ranging from 0% to 100% of total energy outputs are designed to simulate different modes of operation. The quad-generation system is simulated using ASPEN PLUS and described by simulating different portions of the system. This paper also describes the new process, which is of particular interest for improving the total first law efficiency. With this system, it is possible to increase the efficiency of natural resource utilization, minimize the environ…