Search results for "Function"
showing 10 items of 14432 documents
The use of different style variants and style shifting and their functions in the speech of an EFL teacher
2008
Assessing reading and online research comprehension: Do difficulties in attention and executive function matter?
2021
This study evaluated the relation between sixth graders' (N = 426) teacher-rated difficulties in attention and executive function (EF) and their comprehension skills. Reading comprehension was assessed with a multiple-choice task and online research and comprehension (ORC) with a problem-solving task. The analyses were controlled for gender, reading fluency and nonverbal reasoning. To investigate differences in students' performance between the tasks, comprehension skills in the multiple-choice task were also controlled for in the ORC task. Structural equation models showed that teacher-rated attention and EF difficulties were related to students' performance more in the problem-solving tas…
The Early Bird Gets The Word Games and Play: Creating a Context For Authentic Language Learning
2022
Early foreign language teaching has recently been made compulsory in Finland, making this an area open to development and innovation where policy - makers and teachers play a significant role in creating new kinds of learning environments, operating cultures, and pedagogy for foreign language learning. This article discusses the early foreign language learning landscape in the context of early foreign language learning theory, initial education pedagogy as well as functional foreign language learning. The cornerstone of this study is the Contextual Pedagogical approach to Learning, which creates a bridge between the theory and practice of early foreign language learning, creating an inspiri…
Copper Induces a Core Plasmon in Intermetallic Au(144,145)–xCux(SR)60 Nanoclusters
2015
The electronic structure and optical absorption spectra of intermetallic thiol-stabilized gold-copper clusters, having 144-145 metal atoms and 60 thiols, were studied by ab initio computations. The widely known icosahedral-based cluster model from the work of Lopez-Acevedo et al. (2009) was used, and clusters doped with one to 30 copper atoms were considered. When doped inside the metal core, copper induces dramatic changes in the optical spectrum as compared to the previously studied all-gold Au144(SR)60. An intense broad absorption peak develops in the range 535-587 nm depending on the amount of doping and doping sites. This result agrees very well with recent experiments by the Dass grou…
Single Crystal Sub‐Nanometer Sized Cu6(SR)6 Clusters: Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Electrochemical Sensing
2016
Organic ligand-protected metal nanoclusters have attracted extensively attention owing to their atomically precise composition, determined atom-packing structure and the fascinating properties and promising applications. To date, most research has been focused on thiol-stabilized gold and silver nanoclusters and their single crystal structures. Here the single crystal copper nanocluster species (Cu6(SC7H4NO)6) determined by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry is presented. The hexanuclear copper core is a distorted octahedron surrounded by six mercaptobenzoxazole ligands as protecting units through a simple bridging bonding motif. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide…
Stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of protected gold-doped silver Ag29−xAux (x = 0–5) nanoclusters
2017
In this work, we used density functional theory (DFT) and linear response time-dependent DFT (LR-TDDFT) to investigate the stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of Au-doped [Ag29-xAux(BDT)12(TPP)4]3- nanoclusters (BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiol; TPP triphenylphosphine) with x = 0-5. The aim of this work is to shed light on the most favorable doped structures by comparing our results with previously published experimental data. The calculated relative energies, ranging between 0.8 and 10 meV per atom, indicate that several doped Ag29-xAux nanoclusters are likely to co-exist at room temperature. However, only the Au-doped [Ag29-xAux(BDT)12(TPP)4]3- nanoclusters that have direct bon…
Elämänasenteiden ja -odotusten yhteys fyysiseen toimintakykyyn myöhemmällä iällä
2017
Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten myöhäiskeski-iän elämänasenteet ja -odotukset ovat yhteydessä fyysiseen toimintakykyyn myöhemmällä iällä. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin, ovatko elämänasenteet ja -odotukset yhteydessä fyysiseen toimintakykyyn vielä silloinkin, kun otetaan huomioon muut tunnetut toimintakyvyn riskitekijät, kuten ikä, sukupuoli, sosioekonominen asema ja koettu terveys. Tutkielman aineistona käytettiin Helsingin syntymäkohorttitutkimuksen (The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study) aineistoa vuosilta 2001–2011. Tutkimukseen osallistui 469 miestä ja 604 naista eli yhteensä 1073 tutkittavaa. Osanottajien keski-ikä vuonna 2001 oli noin 61 vuotta. Elämänasenteisiin liit…
Surrogate-assisted multicriteria optimization: Complexities, prospective solutions, and business case
2017
Complexity in solving real-world multicriteria optimization problems often stems from the fact that complex, expensive, and/or time-consuming simulation tools or physical experiments are used to evaluate solutions to a problem. In such settings, it is common to use efficient computational models, often known as surrogates or metamodels, to approximate the outcome (objective or constraint function value) of a simulation or physical experiment. The presence of multiple objective functions poses an additional layer of complexity for surrogate-assisted optimization. For example, complexities may relate to the appropriate selection of metamodels for the individual objective functions, extensive …
Benson group additivity values of phosphines and phosphine oxides: Fast and accurate computational thermochemistry of organophosphorus species
2018
Composite quantum chemical methods W1X-1 and CBS-QB3 are used to calculate the gas phase standard enthalpy of formation, entropy, and heat capacity of 38 phosphines and phosphine oxides for which reliable experimental thermochemical information is limited or simply nonexistent. For alkyl phosphines and phosphine oxides, the W1X-1, and CBS-QB3 results are mutually consistent and in excellent agreement with available G3X values and empirical data. In the case of aryl-substituted species, different computational methods show more variation, with G3X enthalpies being furthest from experimental values. The calculated thermochemical data are subsequently used to determine Benson group additivity …
Direct P-functionalization of azobenzene by a cationic phosphidozirconocene complex.
2016
International audience; We report that the cationic phosphidozirconocene complex [(eta(5)-C5H5)(2)Zr(PCy2)][CH3B(C6F5)(3)] (II) reacts with azobenzene, resulting in the expedient formation of Zr complex (2) bound to a tridentate PNN ligand. This reaction proceeds by a mechanism of cooperative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. The intermediate sigma(H) adduct (1) has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy.