Search results for "Function"
showing 10 items of 14432 documents
Renal plasma flow, filtration fraction and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients: Effects of chronic smoking
2005
SUMMARY: Introduction: Albumin excretion rate is usually increased in people who smoke, but the physiological basis of this phenomenon is not fully understood. Methods: The effect of chronic smoking on renal haemodynamics was studied in a cohort of 66 men. Twenty-seven were smokers and 36 were hypertensive. In all subjects, the albumin excretion rate was evaluated; in hypertensive patients, a renoscintigraphic evaluation of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration were carried out and the filtration fraction was calculated. Results: The hypertensive smoking population presented an increased urinary albumin excretion rate in comparison with hypertensive non-smoking patients. No signifi…
Central obesity and hypertensive renal disease: association between higher levels of BMI, circulating transforming growth factor beta1 and urinary al…
2004
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between circulating transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) has been investigated in non-obese and central obese hypertensive patients. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Fifty-eight consecutive hypertensive outpatients both lean and with central obesity were enrolled and divided in three groups, according to their body mass index (BMI) values. Group A: 16 lean hypertensives (men with BMI or = 25 kg/m2 and 24.7 kg/m2 and or = 30 kg/m2 and women with BMI > or = 27.3 kg/m2). MEASURES: In all patients, UAE, by immunonephelometric assay, circulating TGFbeta1 by a solid-phase specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay …
Sympathetic Activity and Blood Pressure Pattern in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Hypertensives
1998
To study the potential role of sympathetic activity in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and to analyze its relationship with 24-hour blood pressure pattern, plasma catecholamines and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were evaluated in 30 ADPKD hypertensive patients (of which 17 without and 13 with renal failure) and in 50 essential hypertensives. The groups were matched for sex, body mass index, known duration of hypertension, and clinic blood pressure. Plasma catecholamines, determined in resting position, were higher in ADPKD patients without renal failure than in essential hypertensives. Nighttime di…
Cerebral blood flow in autogenic training and hypnosis.
1987
In 12 healthy volunteers with at least an experience of six months in autogenic training (AT), the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured at rest, in AT and in hypnosis (H). The results were correlated with individual test profiles. The cortical flow pattern at rest of our AT trained volunteers did not show the hyperfrontality which is described in the literature. This may be interpreted as an effect of better and habitualized relaxation in long trained AT practitioners. This flow pattern corresponds to the low grades of neuroticism and aggressivity found in the tests. Furthermore an activation in central cortical areas and a deactivation in regions which are associated with acoustic and au…
Enhancing the efficacy of treatment for temporomandibular patients with muscular diagnosis through cognitive-behavioral intervention, including hypno…
2011
Objective This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), including hypnosis, in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) with muscular diagnosis. Study Design Seventy-two patients (65 women and 7 men with an average age of 39 years) were selected according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, and assigned to the experimental group (n = 41), receiving the 6-session CBT program, and the control group (n = 31). All patients received conservative standard treatment for TMD. The assessment included pain variables and psychologic distress. Results There were significant differences between the groups, the experimental group showing a higher improvement …
TIME-OF-DAY EFFECTS ON THE INTERNAL SIMULATION OF MOTOR ACTIONS: PSYCHOPHYSICAL EVIDENCE FROM POINTING MOVEMENTS WITH THE DOMINANT AND NON-DOMINANT A…
2010
It is well known that circadian rhythms modulate human physiology and behavior at various levels. However, chronobiological data concerning mental and sensorimotor states of motor actions are still lacking in the literature. In the present study, we examined the effects of time-of-day on two important aspects of the human motor behavior: prediction and laterality. Motor prediction was experimentally investigated by means of imagined movements and laterality by comparing the difference in temporal performance between right and left arm movements. Ten healthy participants had to actually perform or to imagine performing arm-pointing movements between two targets at different hours of the day …
Efficacy and safety of an intraoral electrostimulation device for xerostomia relief: a multicenter, randomized trial.
2011
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intraoral electrostimulation device, consisting of stimulating electrodes, an electronic circuit, and a power source, in treating xerostomia. The device delivers electrostimulation through the oral mucosa to the lingual nerve in order to enhance the salivary reflex. Methods The device was tested on a sample of patients with xerostomia due to Sjogren's syndrome and other sicca conditions in a 2-stage prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Stage I was a double-blind, crossover stage designed to compare the effects of the electrically active device with the sham device, each used for 1 month, and stage II was a 3-month open-label stage d…
The effects of a roundtrip trans-American jet travel on physiological stress, neuromuscular performance, and recovery.
2016
The purpose was to examine the effects of a round trip trans-American jet travel on performance, hormonal alterations, and recovery. Ten matched pairs of recreationally trained men were randomized to either a compression group (COMP) ( n = 10; age: 23.1 ± 2.4 yr; height: 174.8 ± 5.3 cm; body mass: 84.9 ± 10.16 kg; body fat: 15.3 ± 6.0%) or control group (CONT) ( n = 9; age: 23.2 ± 2.3 yr; height: 177.5 ± 6.3 cm; weight: 84.3 ± 8.99 kg; body fat: 15.1 ± 6.4%). Subjects flew directly from Hartford, CT to Los Angeles, CA 1 day before a simulated sport competition (SSC) designed to create muscle damage and returned the next morning on an overnight flight back home. Both groups demonstrated jet…
Impaired anatomical connectivity and related executive functions: differentiating vulnerability and disease marker in bipolar disorder.
2012
Background Bipolar 1 disorder (BD1) has been associated with impaired set shifting, increased risk taking, and impaired integrity of frontolimbic white matter. However, it remains unknown to what extent these findings are related to each other and whether these abnormalities represent risk factors or consequences of the illness. Methods We addressed the first question by comparing 19 patients with BD1 and 19 healthy control subjects (sample 1) with diffusion tensor imaging, the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift Task, and the Cambridge Gambling Task. The second question we approached by applying the same protocol to 22 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with BD1 and 22 persons withou…
Disrupting the right pars opercularis with electrical stimulation frees the song: case report
2015
International audience; The authors report the first case of a strikingly unusual speech impairment evoked by intraoperative electrostimulation in a 36-year-old right-handed patient, a well-trained singer, who underwent awake surgery for a right fronto-temporoinsular low-grade glioma. Functionally disrupting the pars opercularis of the right inferior frontal gyrus led the patient to automatically switch from a speaking to a singing mode of language production. Given the central role of the right pars opercularis in the inhibitory control network, the authors propose that this finding may be interpreted as possible evidence for a competitive and independent neurocognitive subnetwork devoted …