Search results for "Functions"

Dimensionality of depression in acute schizophrenia: a methodological study using the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMES).

1998

Abstract Despite the great clinical importance of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia there is a lack of studies on the assessment and evaluation of depression in acutely psychotic patients. For the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMES), among other advantages, the concept of unidimensionality was confirmed in patients with major depression by different methodological approaches including Rasch analysis. The present evaluation was designed to investigate the scale properties of the BRMES in acutely schizophrenic patients with particular emphasis on the dimensionality of the scale. Three different statistical approaches were used: principal component analysis in combination with computer…

Comparative neurocognitive effects of lithium and anticonvulsants in long-term stable bipolar patients

2015

Background: The aim of choosing a mood-stabilizing drug (lithium or anticonvulsants) or a combination of them with minimal neurocognitive effects is to stimulate the development of criteria for a therapeutic adequacy, particularly in Bipolar Disorder (BD) patients who are clinically stabilized. Method: Three groups of BD patients were established according to their treatment: (i) lithium monotherapy (n=29); (ii) lithium together with one or more anticonvulsants (n=28); and (iii) one or more anticonvulsants (n=16). A group of healthy controls served as the control (n=25). The following tests were applied: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Trail Making Test, Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey Comple…

Self-awareness of cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: Patients and their relatives

2010

"Cognitive impairment has been recognized since the earliest descriptions of schizophrenia as a core feature of the illness and different programmes have been developed to remediate these deficits. In all likelihood it is important for compliance and adherence to treatment that not only the patients but also their relatives be aware of the patients; cognitive deficits. Sixty-two patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and, for each one of them, one family member and an informant from the medical staff, were recruited and administered the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) ratings. Patients were tested for cognitive deficits with a neuropsychological battery and their performanc…

Empirical examination of executive functioning, ADHD associated behaviors, and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD, remittent ADHD,…

2019

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may continue in adulthood, producing adverse effects. Therefore, identifying factors that help to differentiate characteristics of ADHD persistence and remission has practical implications for evaluation and treatment. The first aim of this study was to analyze differences in executive functions (shift, working memory, inhibition, and plan/organize), symptoms associated with ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and self-concept), and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD (ADHD-P), with remittent ADHD (ADHD-R), and without ADHD (N-ADHD). The second aim …

Self‐Reported Indicators of Hypersexuality and Its Correlates in a Female Online Sample

2014

Abstract Introduction Hypersexual behavior has been a controversial and much disputed issue in the field of sexual medicine. However, only little attention has been paid to hypersexual behavior in women. Therefore, to date there is limited knowledge on the behavioral patterns of hypersexuality in women. Aims The purpose of the present study was to examine which sexual behavioral patterns are associated with self‐reported indicators of hypersexuality in a female online sample. The second aim was to evaluate the association between hypersexuality and sexual risk behavior in women. Methods In total, 988 women participated in an online survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to exami…

Understanding metaphors and idioms: A single-case neuropsychological study in a person with Down syndrome

2001

The ability of subject F.F., diagnosed with Down syndrome, to appreciate nonliteral (interpreting metaphors and idioms) and literal (vocabulary knowledge, including highly specific and unusual items) aspects of language was investigated. F.F. was impaired in understanding both metaphors and idioms, while her phonological, syntactic and lexical–semantic skills were largely preserved. By contrast, some aspects of F.F.'s executive functions and many visuospatial abilities were defective. The suggestion is made that the interpretation of metaphors and idioms is largely independent of that of literal language, preserved in F.F., and that some executive aspects of working memory and visuospatial …

Break in volition: a virtual reality study in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

2013

Research in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) produced inconsistent results in demonstrating an association between patients’ symptom severity and their cognitive impairments. The process involved in volition aspects of behavioral syndromes can be extensively analyzed using specific tests developed in virtual environments, more suitable to manipulate rules and possible breaks of the normal task execution with different, confusing or stopping instructions. The study involved thirty participants (15 OCD patients and 15 controls) during task execution and the relative interferences. At this purpose, the virtual version of Multiple Errands Test was used. Virtual reality setting, with a higher…

Changes in sexual function and quality of life after single-incision mid-urethral sling for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

2013

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and assess the changes in sexual function and quality of life after placement of a single-incision sling for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. Study design A prospective study of women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence. The single-incision sling was implanted and patients were followed postoperatively for 6 months. The postoperative rate of continence, complications, changes in sexual function, and patient-reported quality of life were evaluated. Female Sexual Function in sexually active patients was evaluated before and after the single-incision sling procedure using the Female Sexual Function Index. From January…

Age Differences in Learning from Instructional Animations

2015

Summary: The present study tests the effects of the decline of executive functions and spatial abilities with aging on the comprehension of a complex instructional animation. An animation of a piano mechanism was presented individually to 33 young adults and 31 elderly participants. Two presentation speeds of the animation (normal and slow) were compared in a 2×2 experimental design. Eye movements were recorded during the learning time. Then, four executive function tests (inhibition, shifting, updating, and processing speed) and a spatial ability test (differential aptitude test) were undertaken by each participant. Results showed that the comprehension of animations was significantly affe…

2021

The cell—cell signaling gene CDH13 is associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and major depression. CDH13 regulates axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, substantiating its relevance for neurodevelopmental processes. Several studies support the influence of CDH13 on personality traits, behavior, and executive functions. However, evidence for functional effects of common gene variation in the CDH13 gene in humans is sparse. Therefore, we tested for association of a functional intronic CDH13 SNP rs2199430 with ADHD in a sample of 998 adult patients and 884 healthy controls. The Big Five personality tra…