Search results for "Functions"
showing 10 items of 1066 documents
Automatic auditory and somatosensory brain responses in relation to cognitive abilities and physical fitness in older adults
2017
AbstractIn normal ageing, structural and functional changes in the brain lead to an altered processing of sensory stimuli and to changes in cognitive functions. The link between changes in sensory processing and cognition is not well understood, but physical fitness is suggested to be beneficial for both. We recorded event-related potentials to somatosensory and auditory stimuli in a passive change detection paradigm from 81 older and 38 young women and investigated their associations with cognitive performance. In older adults also associations to physical fitness were studied. The somatosensory mismatch response was attenuated in older adults and it associated with executive functions. So…
Bidirectional associations between cognitive functions and walking performance among middle-aged women
2022
Objective: This study investigated whether (1) cognitive functions change after the transition from the perimenopausal to the postmenopausal stage, (2) cognitive functions and walking are associated in middle-aged women, and (3) cognitive functions assessed in perimenopause are associated with walking after reaching the postmenopause or vice versa. Methods: In total, 342 women, categorized as early (n = 158) or late perimenopausal (n = 184), were included in the study and followed up until postmenopausal. Psychomotor speed, executive functions related to set-shifting and updating, working memory, and visual memory were assessed. Walking was assessed with walking speed, walking distance, and…
School-based group intervention in attention and executive functions: Intervention response and moderators
2022
ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of a school-based skill-training intervention in attention control and executive functions for pupils with hyperactivity-impulsivity (H-I) and cognitive control (CC) deficits. The main aim was to examine whether the intervention differently influenced H-I and CC, and whether cognitive abilities or conduct problems moderated response to the intervention.MethodElementary school pupils from 41 schools participated the study and were divided into an intervention group (n = 71) and a waitlist control group (n = 77). Intervention outcomes were assessed with an inventory assessing executive function difficulties (including H-I and CC) completed by class…
Requirements for using simulation to design and assess wireless ATM handover solutions
1999
Wireless ATM (WATM) has been widely considered as a solution for broadband wireless services. Handover is one of the most important mobility support functions in the WATM network. Many handover solutions have been proposed, analysed, and benchmarked. Simulations have been broadly used to assess these solutions. However, there are many dilemmas in how simulation has been applied as a research methodology: heterogeneous simulation systems used, lack of comparison with other related work, biased conclusions, and unavailability of simulation models and systems to researchers. The WATM research community lacks a standard and commonly acceptable methodology for applying simulation. To address thi…
Līdzību pragmalingvistiskā analīze
2019
Bībeles stāsti, kurus Evaņģēlijā sauc par līdzību stāstiem vai parabolām ir biblisks žanrs, kas ir pētīts pēdējo desmitgāžu laikā. Šajā periodā šos stāstus sāka analizēt no tekstuālās, literārās, un vēsturiskās perspektīvas. Pētījumi atklāj, ka zinātniska pieeja ir nepieciešama, lai izprastu un izskaidrotu Bībeles stāstus. Darbā tiek izmantots novatoriska perspektīva un divu līmeņu parabolu nozīmju analīze. Semantiskās nozīmes analīzē tika pētīta teksta literārā nozīme, tā atklāja gan parabolu raksturīgās pazīmes, gan lingvistisko līdzekļu un stratēģiju izmantojumu burtiskās nozīmes izveidošanā. Pragmatiskās nozīmes analīzē uzmanība tika vērsta uz pārnesto un konteksta nozīmi. Pragmatiskās …
Apstākļi un darbības vārdu formas T.Hārdija romānā "Kāsterbridžas mērs"
2020
Šis pētījums tika uzsākts, ņemot vērā T.Hārdija darbu popularitātes kritumu un secīgu pieaugumu pēdējās desmitgades laikā, kā arī darbības vārdu un apstākļu nozīmi daiļliteratūrā. Pētījuma mērķis bija analizēt, kā autors lieto darbības vārdu formas un apstākļus romānā Kāsterbridžas mērs, raksturojot varoņus un pildot valodas funkcijas. Tika izmantota jauktā pētījuma metode, apvienojot diskursa analīzi un kvantitatīvu pieeju stilistiskajai analīzei. Pētījuma rezultātā tika atklāts, ka ar darbības vārdu formu palīdzību autors nosaka sižeta attīstības straujumu; tie apstākļi, kas galvenokārt izmantoti ar komunikācijas darbības vārdiem, ļauj izdarīt secinājumus par romāna varoņu īpašībām; starp…
Cartesian Psychology – Could There Be One?
2008
The chapter examines what it would mean to talk about “psychology” in Descartes’ terms and argues that within the Cartesian framework we cannot really formulate the questions that are posed by contemporary psychologists. This results from the fact that psychological topics can be found on all three levels of Cartesian science: in metaphysics, in physics and finally in the applied sciences, such as medicine and morals. The aim is to show that the sensory and vegetative functions are often taken together by Descartes. Therefore, the Cartesian system does not recognize any principal difference between sensory functions, such as vision, and vegetative functions, such as digestion. Humans can be…
The Effect of an enriched sport program on children's executive functions: the ESA program
2020
Purpose: The effects of physical exercise on executive functions (EFs) are well documented. EFs are involved in daily activities, and their development determines the quality of people’s future life, both in terms of mental health and quality of life. The purpose of the current paper is to evaluate the effects of a physical education program, elaborated within the Enriched Sports Activity Program (ESA Program), an Erasmus + Project, on EFs, namely, visuospatial working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and task switching. Method: Data were collected on November 2017 (t1) and May 2018 (t2). At t1, a sample of 357 children from four European countries (Italy, Germany, Lithuan…
The Influence of an Enriched Sport Program on Children’s Sport Motivation in the School Context: The ESA PROGRAM
2020
Purpose: Besides the evident positive effect on body development, physical activity has proven to boost executive functions, especially if the exercises are enriched with cognitive stimuli. Previous studies have shown that introducing challenging exercises in the physical activity routine can also enhance motivation. Therefore, enriching a physical education program with cognitively challenging exercises may also foster children’s motivation during physical education classes, where the motivation is high at the beginning of the school year and low at the end of it. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to test if a sport program enriched by cognitive stimuli may improve kids’ motivation o…
Social Cognition in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Associations with Executive…
2017
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social impairments. The first objective of this study was to analyze social cognition deficits of children with ADHD, high-functioning ASD (HFASD), and typical development (TD) in their performance on explicit and applied measures of theory of mind (ToM). The second objective was to investigate the relationships between executive functions and social cognition in HFASD and ADHD. One hundred and twenty-six 7- to 11-year old children, 52 with HFASD, 35 with ADHD, and 39 with TD, performed the NEPSY-II social perception subtests. Parents estimated their children’…