Search results for "Fusarium"
showing 10 items of 286 documents
Influence of different soluble dietary fibers on the bioaccessibility of the minor Fusarium mycotoxin beauvericin.
2011
Abstract Beauvericin (BEA) is a bioactive compound produced by the secondary metabolism of several Fusarium strains and is known to have various biological activities. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of the BEA tested in concentrations of 5 and 25 mg/L, in a model solution and in wheat crispy breads elaborated with different natural binding compounds as the soluble alimentary dietary fibers β-1,3 glucan, chitosan low molecular weight (L.M.W.), chitosan medium molecular weight (M.M.W.), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galattomannan, inulin and pectin, added at concentrations of 1% and 5%. The bioaccessibility was determinated by employing a simulated gastrointestinal digestion tha…
Fusarium proliferatum: induction and intracellular location of a lipoxygenase
1998
The fungus Fusarium proliferatum was grown in a soya oil- and glucose-supplemented medium. Induction of lipoxygenase activity (13-fold) in an extract of Fusarium biomass has been observed at day four on soya oil culture medium. A band at 232 kDa was detected using a specific lipoxygenase stain combined with native PAGE. The method of fungal homogenate obtained has been checked via subcellular marker enzymes activities: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) for mitochondrial fraction and NADH-cytochrome C reductase (NADH-cyt. C) for the microsomal fraction. Protoplasts production and disintegration followed by subcellular fractionation using differential centrifugation was the best method to recover…
Sapotrophical development of fusarium graminearum : respective role of different natural habitats of the fungus in the wheat infectious process in Bu…
2012
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), mainly caused by the fungal species Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important disease altering wheat crops in Burgundy. Moreover the plant-pathogen interaction leads to the production of mycotoxins potentially toxic for humans and animals.The only alternative to date to prevent the development of the disease is to control the saprotrophic development of F. graminearum in its natural habitat, i.e. weeds, soil and crops residues. Due to the trend of reduced tillage, special attention should be paid to the role of crop residues in the survival and development of F. graminearum.Two approaches were chosen to better understand the saprotrophic development of F…
The microbiology of Lascaux Cave.
2010
Lascaux Cave (Montignac, France) contains paintings from the Upper Paleolithic period. Shortly after its discovery in 1940, the cave was seriously disturbed by major destructive interventions. In 1963, the cave was closed due to algal growth on the walls. In 2001, the ceiling, walls and sediments were colonized by the fungus Fusarium solani. Later, black stains, probably of fungal origin, appeared on the walls. Biocide treatments, including quaternary ammonium derivatives, were extensively applied for a few years, and have been in use again since January 2008. The microbial communities in Lascaux Cave were shown to be composed of human-pathogenic bacteria and entomopathogenic fungi, the for…
A possible use of selected essential oils and Citrosept to inhibit the growth of Fusarium solani Mart. (Sacc.)
2016
Laboratory experiments have been carried out to determine the effects of lemon, cedar, pine and thyme oils as well as Citrocept on the growth of Fusarium solani Mart. (Sacc.) mycelium isolated from stored potato tubers. The biotic property of essential oils and Citrocept in inhibiting the linear growth of F. solani was assessed with the use of poisoned culture media, whereas the fungistatic property was determined by calculating, with the use of Abbott formula, the percentage indicating how many fungal colonies were inhibited from growth. A complete inhibition of the pathogen’s growth was observed in the presence of thyme oil at a concentration of 0.2% to 2% as well as in the presence of le…
Fusaproliferin, beauvericin and enniatins: occurrence in food – a review
2012
The present review summarises data on the prevalence and concentration of fusaproliferin, beauvericin and enniatins in small grains, maize and processed grain-based foods. These fungal secondary metabolites possess interesting biological activities and are presently often referred to as 'emerging mycotoxins'. They have been considered as less important since they are likely not of acute toxicity. However, their high prevalence in foodstuffs, occasionally in higher mg/kg concentrations, warrants an assessment of their true importance for food (and feed) safety. Thorough surveys that determine the contamination of raw and processed foods with fusaproliferin, beauvericin and enniatins are sti…
Assessment of the antifungal properties of nettle extracts against Fusarium proliferatum = Ocena właściwości przeciwgrzybowych pokrzywy zwyczajnej wo…
2015
Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena właściwości przeciwgrzybowych ekstraktów z liści i korzenia pokrzywy zwyczajnej wobec Fusarium proliferatum. Ocenę właściwości antagonistycznych ekstraktów w stężeniach 2,5, 5,0, 10, 20 i 40% przeprowadzono metodą hodowlano-płytkową z zastosowaniem podłoży PDA pomidorowego. Hodowlę prowadzono w temp. 26ºC przez 9 dni, dokonując pomiarów co 1-2 dni. Kontrolę pozytywną stanowił Topsin M 500 S.C, a kontrolę negatywną woda destylowana. Określono indeks kiełkowania zarodników, indeks tempa wzrostu oraz stopień redukcji liniowego wzrostu Fusarium sp. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały zahamowanie kiełkowania zarodników przez wszystkie zastosowane stężenia ekstr…
Essential Oils in Limiting the Development of Various Origins of Phytopathogenic Fusarium Isolates from Wheat Kernels
2022
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the chemical composition of eight commercial essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, Litsea cubeba and garlic) and their fungistatic activity in relation to four species of Fusarium from the Polish population (F. avenaceum FAPL, F. culmorum FCPL, F. graminearum FGPL and F. oxysporum FOPL) and five from the German population (F. culmorum FC1D, F. culmorum FC2D, F. graminearum FG1D, F. graminearum FG2D and F. poae FP0D). In addition, the identification of EsO as potential biofungicides. Phytopathogenic fungi obtained from infected wheat kernels. The species identification of Fusarium …
Differential susceptibility of mycotoxin-producing fungi to distinct antifungal proteins (AFPs).
2021
Abstract The global challenge to prevent fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination on foods and feeds require the development of new antifungal strategies. Filamentous fungi encode diverse antifungal proteins (AFPs), which offer a great potential for the control of contaminant fungi. In this study, four AFPs from Penicillium digitatum (PdAfpB) and Penicillium expansum (PeAfpA, PeAfpB and PeAfpC) belonging to classes A, B and C, were tested against a representative panel of mycotoxin-producing fungi. They included a total of 38 strains representing 32 different species belonging to the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, Fusarium and Penicillium. PeAfpA exhibited a potent antifun…
Exposure estimates to Fusarium mycotoxins through cereals intake.
2013
Abstract Mycotoxins are harmful substances produced by fungi in several commodities with a widespread presence in foodstuffs. Human exposure to mycotoxins occurs mainly by contaminated food. The quantitation of mycotoxins in cereal-based food, highly consumed by different age population, is of concern. In this survey, 159 cereal-based samples classified as wheat, maize and rice-based, have been evaluated for the occurrence of patulin, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, HT-2, T-2 and zearalenone by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Intakes were calculated for average consumers among adults, children and infants and com…