Search results for "GAS EMISSIONS"
showing 10 items of 39 documents
Development of a Model to Estimate the Risk of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Forest Fires
2022
27 Pág.
First characterization of Gamkonora gas emission, North Maluku, East Indonesia
2020
Gamkonora is an active volcano capable of intense manifestations that regularly forced thousands of inhabitants to flee their villages. The most extreme eruption, in 1673, was a VEI 5 event that induced pitch-dark environment over the region. Paradoxically, little is known about Gamkonora volcano and here we present the first gas measurement results obtained in September 2018 using a MultiGAS and a scanning DOAS. Results highlight a relatively small but magmatic gas with a CO2/ST of 3.5, in the range of high-temperature gas emissions from Indonesian volcanoes and H2O/SO2, CO2/SO2, H2S/SO2, and H2/SO2 ratios of 135, 5.6, 0.6, and 0.2, respectively. The daily gas emission budget corresponds t…
Solar heating and cooling systems versus conventional systems assisted by photovoltaic: Application of a simplified LCA tool
2016
Abstract Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an effective methodology to assess the energy and environmental impacts of energy systems during their life cycle, including manufacturing, operation and end-of-life. The aim of the paper is the application of a simplified LCA tool, developed in the framework of the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Task 48, for comparing different typologies of solar assisted heating and cooling systems. In detail, solar thermal heating and cooling systems located in Palermo (southern Italy) and in Zurich (Switzerland) were compared with conventional systems assisted by grid connected and stand-alone photovoltaic plants. A validation of the tool w…
Eco-Efficiency of the English and Welsh Water Companies: A Cross Performance Assessment
2021
Analyzing costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be of great importance for the water utilities to supply water services in a healthy and sustainable manner. In this study, we measured the eco-efficiency of several water utilities in England and Wales by incorporating GHG as an undesirable output. For the first time, we evaluated the eco-efficiency of the water production process using robust cross-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques. The further use of clustering and regression techniques allowed us to better understand the drivers of eco-efficiency. The results showed that the mean eco-efficiency of the water sector was 0.748, which indicates that costs and GHG e…
Preliminary results of systematic sampling of gas manifestations in geodynamically active areas of Greece
2016
Greece is located on a convergent plate boundary comprising the subduction of the African Plate beneath the Eurasian, while the Arabian plate approaches the Eurasian in a northwestward motion. It is considered to be one of the most tectonically active regions of Earth with a complex geodynamic setting, deriving from a long and complicated geological history. Due to this specific geological background, conditions for the formation of many thermal springs are favoured. In the past years, almost all the already known sites of degassing (fumaroles, soil gases, mofettes, gas bubbling in cold and thermal waters) located in the Hellenic area were sampled at least one time. Collected samples were a…
Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone
2017
Abstract Emission of volcanic gas is thought to be the dominant process by which volatiles transit from the deep earth to the atmosphere. Volcanic gas emissions, remain poorly constrained, and volcanoes of Peru are entirely absent from the current global dataset. In Peru, Sabancaya and Ubinas volcanoes are by far the largest sources of volcanic gas. Here, we report the first measurements of the compositions and fluxes of volcanic gases emitted from these volcanoes. The measurements were acquired in November 2015. We determined an average SO 2 flux of 15.3 ± 2.3 kg s − 1 (1325-ton day − 1 ) at Sabancaya and of 11.4 ± 3.9 kg s − 1 (988-ton day − 1 ) at Ubinas using scanning ultraviolet spectr…
Compositional measurement of gas emissions in the Eastern Carpathians (Romania) using the Multi-GAS instrument: Approach for in situ data gathering a…
2022
The Multi-GAS, a robust and low-cost instrument for real-time in-situ gas measurements, has previously been used mainly for compositional measurements of active volcanic plumes. Here we demonstrate novel use of a specially designed Multi-GAS instrument adapted to low temperature degassing areas. We performed compositional measurements in the Eastern Carpathians on dry and bubbling gas emissions using a sensor kit that allows measurement of CO2, CH4 and H2S (three major components of low-temperature hydrothermal/volcanic manifestations). Our results demonstrate good agreement between Multi-GAS measurements and independently obtained CO2 concentrations from gas chromatography. We also provide…
The emission reduction potential of electric transport modes in Finland
2021
The transportation sector has become the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One solution to mitigate the impacts is a shift towards electric modes. Where previous studies have only focused on the replacement of individual modes, our study presents a more holistic approach by comparing land-based, water-based and airborne transportation modes. We study the GHG emission reduction potentials of electric cars, buses, trains, ferries and aircraft in comparison to existing modes on 34 routes within Finland and across the Baltic Sea to Sweden and Estonia. By comparing the GHG emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) per passenger kilometer for each mode, we also cons…
Long-term no-tillage application increases soil organic carbon, nitrous oxide emissions and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) yields under rain-fed Mediterra…
2018
The introduction of legumes into crop sequences and the reduction of tillage intensity are both proposed as agronomic practices to mitigate the soil degradation and negative impact of agriculture on the environment. However, the joint effects of these practices on nitrous oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH) emissions from soil remain unclear, particularly concerning semiarid Mediterranean areas. In the frame of a long-term field experiment (23 years), a 2-year study was performed on the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to evaluate the effects of the long-term use of no tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) on yield and NO and NH emissions from a Vertisol in a semiarid Mediterranean environmen…
Italian Potential Biogas and Biomethane Production from OFMSW
2015
This work is aimed at predicting the potential biogas and biomethane production, using the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW), in Italy, where 1388 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) plants (power of 7.4 TWh, equal to 640.4 ktep) are nowadays available. In order to compute the potential biogas and biomethane production in the 20 Italian regions, the data about OFMSW production in 2010-2013 period have been evaluated. The Italian production of OFMSW, that was 5.2 million tons in 2013 (18% of MSW), could be used inside bioreactors for producing biogas and digestate, that must be aerobically composted into a biofertiliser. In 2013, the Italian potential biogas production from OFMSW was 73…