Search results for "GASTROINTESTINAL"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life
2018
Abstract Background The relationship between the gut microbiome and the human host is dynamic and we may expect adjustments in microbiome function if host physiology changes. Metatranscriptomic approaches should be key in unraveling how such adjustments occur. Methods We employ metatranscriptomic sequencing analyses to study gene expression in the gut microbiota of infants through their first year of life, and of their mothers days before delivery and one year afterwards. Findings In infants, hallmarks of aerobic metabolism disappear from the microbial metatranscriptome as development proceeds, while the expression of functions related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism increases and …
Carriage of Enterobacteria Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Composition of the Gut Microbiota in an Amerindian Community
2015
ABSTRACT Epidemiological and individual risk factors for colonization by enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (E-ESBL) have been studied extensively, but whether such colonization is associated with significant changes in the composition of the rest of the microbiota is still unknown. To address this issue, we assessed in an isolated Amerindian Guianese community whether intestinal carriage of E-ESBL was associated with specificities in gut microbiota using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. While the richness of taxa of the active microbiota of carriers was similar to that of noncarriers, the taxa were less homogeneous. In addition, species of four genera,…
Baseline gut microbiome composition predicts metformin therapy short-term efficacy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients
2020
BackgroundThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of metformin treatment on the human gut microbiome's taxonomic and functional profile in the Latvian population, and to evaluate the correlation of these changes with therapeutic efficacy and tolerance.MethodsIn this longitudinal observational study, stool samples for shotgun metagenomic sequencing-based analysis were collected in two cohorts. The first cohort included 35 healthy nondiabetic individuals (metformin dose 2x850mg/day) at three time-points during metformin administration. The second cohort was composed of 50 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (metformin dose-determined by an endocrinologist) at two concordant ti…
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy is linked to gastrointestinal autoimmunity
2014
Summary Common autoimmune disorders tend to co-exist in the same subjects and cluster in families. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of autoimmune co-morbidity in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with and without thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic tertiary referral centre. Of 1310 patients with AITD [n = 777 or 59% with Graves' disease (GD) and n = 533, 41% with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)] followed at a specialized joint thyroid–eye out-patient clinic, 176 (13·4%) had an adult type of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, 129 (9·8%) type 1 diabetes, 111 (8·5%) coeliac disease, 60 (4·6%) …
Hereditary angioedema in a single family with specific mutations in both plasminogen and SERPING1 genes
2019
BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a group of genetic diseases characterized by recurrent, painful and potentially lethal tissue swelling. The most common form results from mutations in the SERPING1 gene, leading to reduced function of complement 1 inhibitor (C1-INH). Rarer forms with normal C1-INH may arise from mutations in the coagulation factor F12 gene, but mostly the genetic background is unknown. Recently, a novel HAE mutation in the plasminogen (PLG) gene was shown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the various clinical manifestations of HAE in 14 related patients using clinical data, biochemical analysis for C1-INH and C4 as well as gene sequencing. RESULTS Patients' symptoms…
Interdigestive Plasma Motilin Concentrations in Aged Adults
1986
The interdigestive plasma motilin concentrations were evaluated in 13 over-65 healthy adults with no evidence of significant disease and in 19 younger individuals. Plasma motilin levels were determined every 15 min during a 3-hr fasting period, using a radioimmunological method. The individual median values of plasma motilin concentrations during the entire study period were significantly higher in aged than younger adults. The individual median coefficients of variation of motilin concentrations and the percentage increases of plasma motilin above baseline at each peak were significantly lower in the aged than in the young group. The results of this study indicate that during the interdige…
Gemcitabine (GEM) plus oxaliplatin, folinic acid, and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX-4) in patients with advanced gastric cancer
2005
Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: oxaliplatin in combination with folinic acid (FA) and infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has shown significant anti-tumor activity in gastric cancer patients (FOLFOX). Previous studies have shown that gemcitabine (GEM), a new fluorinated anti-metabolite, enhances the individual anti-tumor activity of either 5-FU or oxaliplatin. We have therefore designed a multi-center phase II trial in order to test a novel GEM+FOLFOX-4 regimen in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. METHODS: we enrolled 36 patients, 28 males and 8 females, with an average age of 64.4 years (range 37-78), who received bi-weekly treatment with GEM (1,000 mg/m2 on day 1), levo-FA (100 mg/m2 on…
[18F]5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine-PET for imaging of malignant tumors and for measuring tissue proliferation
2003
The nucleoside 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine analogue accumulating in proliferative cells. We prospectively evaluated biodistribution of the PET tracer [(18)F]5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), its value for imaging malignant tumors, and its correlation to both [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET findings and histological proliferation indices. In 11 previously untreated patients (5 lung carcinoma; 3 soft tissue sarcoma; 2 gastrointestinal carcinoma; 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]), mean doses of 290 MBq FdUrd and 390 MBq FDG were administered intravenously on subsequent days. Static PET scans were initiated 50-70 min after administration and the mean standardized uptake values (…
Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of chromosomal imbalances and their target genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
2007
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. The tumors characteristically harbor KIT or PDGFRA mutations, and mutant tumors respond to imatinib mesylate (Glivectrade mark). Chromosomal imbalances resulting in altered gene dosage are known to have a role in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors, but the target genes remain to be identified. The present study aimed to identify some of these genes. In total, 35 GIST samples were screened for chromosomal imbalances by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A cDNA array was used to define the minimal common overlapping areas of DNA copy number change. Eight confirmative, …
Oral tegafur in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers: a phase II study.
1990
Fifty patients affected by histologically confirmed gastrointestinal tract cancer (GTC) were treated with oral tegafur (TG) 1,000 mg m-2 p.o. on days 1-14 repeated after a 14 day interval. Out of 42 evaluable patients seven patients had a partial response (PR. 17%) with a median duration of 20.5 weeks, three had a minimal response (7%) with a median duration of 23.7 weeks, nine showed a stabilisation which lasted a median of 31.3 weeks, and 23 progressed (55%). No response was obtained in patients affected by carcinoma of the pancreas and the hepatobiliary system. All PRs were achieved in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. No response was seen in patients with bone, lung or noda…